ever, seem to have been very much the same. The 
-~ home of the earth-shakers was the Sivalik Hills at the foo 


34 THE HAIRY MAMMOTH. 

























periods. For ages the Ice King held sway over this im- 
mense territory. The walrus, and perhaps the musk-ox, the ~ 
white bear and arctic fox occupied the land that had perhaps — 
shook beneath the tread of the Megatherium and Boothe- 
rium, the American lion and the mastodon and elephant; 
and the creeping willow and procumbent birch and lowly - 
cranberry, the snow white Arenaria greenlandica, and other 
arctic plants succeeded the gaudy flowers and luxuriant for- 
ests of the latest Tertiary soil. 
Centuries after, the continent slowly sinks, perhaps si 
hundred feet; the sea laves the foot of the White Mout 
tains; the temperature is raised and the glaciers have re-— 
treated to the Alpine valleys. This is the period of tl 
Leda clays, in which bones of the bison and walrus are 
found. But not until a later and still warmer period, that oi 
the rearrangement of these sands and clays into lake shores 
and fertile river intervals, does the Mammoth (so far as fos 
sil evidence goes) seem to have flourished abundantly. 
The remains of the mastodon, found lately in Indiana am 
stored in the museum of the Chicago Academy of Scienet 
occurred in a peat-swamp four feet beneath the surface, ove 
a bed of marl containing fresh-water shells. This wil 
swamp had been flowed by the beaver, as its dam and eY 
dences of its lakes were still remaining. Indeed, there ar 
accounts, which however need confirmation, of mastodom 
bones being found in the Western States, associated Ww! 
arrow-heads and other Indian relies, as if the creature ha 
been mired in some “lick,” and killed by Indians. Wes 
eagerly look for fresh discoveries in this direction by 
Western naturalists. The mastodon seems to have bee? 
more abundant in the Middle States than the Mammot 
The habits and geographical range of the two animals, 
m= 
the Himalayah Mountains, seven fossil species of eleph 
and three of mastodons having been found there, besides 
