THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. 127 
upon the mountains, or wherever the climatic or topograph- 
ical influences have not annihilated them. 
The flora of the higher mountains of New England and the 
Middle States is quite identical with that of higher North 
American latitudes. All the plants of the White Mountains 
are now growing upon the coast of Labrador. As might be 
expected, the fauna of these mountains agrees with the flora. 
The larger animals would not, of course, be expected to occur 
in so restricted an area; still, one or two northern birds are 
found in summer, and many species of insects—Coleoptera, 
Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera—are common to the 
mountains and places farther north. There are, however, 
some forms which appear to be peculiar to the mountain 
fauna, but more careful and extended investigation in the 
northern regions may prove many or even all of them to 
belong to species still existing at the north. 
The plants and the birds of the coast of Maine, where the 
cooling effect of the arctic current is still felt, are subarctic 
in character, and very different from. those inland. Potentilla 
tridentata and Alsine Gtrenlandica,* species characteristic 
of the flora of Labrador and the New England mountain 
summits, with Pupilla badia, still linger as far south as 
Portland. Thus upon the land, as in the ocean, there are 
southern outliers of northern faune which are relics of the 
northern march of life during the close of the Glacial period. 
The influence of winds in animal distribution is very slight, 
and seems wholly a disturbing power; yet it should not 
be passed over in silence, for it helps explain the wonder- 
fully wide diffusion of a few species. The winds may trans- 
port animals great distances, even over oceans, and drop 
them alive among the species of other faune. Several of 
our American binds have been carried thus to Europe so 
ee 

At Paris, teste et forty miles north of Portland, and just on the coast li cia ra 
the Leda Clay ep 
a railway cut, as kir r% mark their home of a former age. The occurrence o of Sedum 
Rhodiola in Bucks + nis Sa mentioned by lt ype core Forter in in e vol- 
ume of the N. 


