tog 

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-Upon it 


PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 335 
outside the beach. There is evidence that the great pie extending from 
near I slip to Bellport, was formerly a fresh-water swamp, from which 
Streams of gpnsiderable size emptied into the ocean. It ve now a shallow 
bay, in which, about a century since, were great numbers of stumps; the 
fresh-water and upland vegetation having been destroyed by the invasion 
of the dung A line of fence-posts near ris goo i along the shore of 
the ocean, were exposed a few years since by an extremely low tide 
veh followed a violent storm. These had been ahead with sand and 
vered with water not less than a century, and the line was found to 
laine with early surveys of the town. Submerged meadows are 
found in many places on the north shore of Long Island. A few miles 
east of Fort Jefferson, it extends half a mile from the shore, is solid, com- 
pact, and lies in places sixteen feet below the surface of the water at low 
tide. A general wearing away and undermining of the headlands around 
the island has long attracted attention. In constructing the Erie Basin, 
near Red Hook, New York Bay, Mr. G. B. vice eerie found the 
following series of deposits. The measurements were taken at various 
points where the water was ten feet deep at low tide 
1. Two feet of mud paar! sediment of the bay. 
2. One foot of yellow 
3. Six inches of aalsa deposit, quite hard. 
4. Ten feet of compact decayed peaty meadow. 
- Layer of extremely hard micacious clay and sand, beneath which 
i found mud, rather soft, but the depth and character of which was not 
rmined. 
During the summer of 1867, John Nadir, U. S. Engineer at Fort Hamil- 
» Carefully examined the underlying formation around Fort Lafayette, 
the purpose of un he whether it would admit of the erection 
of heavier walls. a series of eae rings, the earth was pene- 
he e depth of Pas es feet, at points between 800 and 1,000 
hore, where there was ten feet depth of water at low tide. 
for 
s Twenty feet of coarse sand and gravel, with a few broken shells. 
of Three feet of decayed marsh or meadow, with diatomacez and spicule . 
“Ponges and shells. 
3. Seventeen fe 
et of gravel and sand, with many broken shells 
- Thirte een fe 
With 
l an excellent state of preservation. Among them are Saten ie 
mia Za ium, M: Crepidula fornicata, Solen > 
and Mytilus eq. ppium, Mya arenaria, Crep pi 
