* 
PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 445 












re was an intimate relation between the features described by General 
and the phenomena now to be noticed. Bowlders are found 500 
from their native rocks. The valleys of the rivers were excavated 
100 to 150 feet below the present level of the streams. At Louis- 
ville there was an apparent exception, as there were rock bottoms in the 
fiver, but the city occupies the site of the ancient river-bed. Sometimes 
‘there are two bluff formations of different ages. All this clearly indicates 
tat formerly the country was more perfectly drained, that is, that the 
continent was more elevated. When these valleys were excavated, the 
inage was free to the ocean, similar to the condition in California; and 
the rivers, by a great erosion, wore away the hard rocks. The origin 
' the Hudson Rivers was evidently glacial. The ancient 
| of the ag on the Pacific Coast were far below their present level, 
showing great land elevation. It is not certain that the continental ele- 
Nation was sufficient to afford a temperature essential to the formation of 
e glaciers, — were afterwards melted and left the material of the 
n. 
his paper “On the Geological Age and Equivalents of the Marshall 
Professor A. Winchell stated that this term was employed as a 
beds,” in Indiana, ‘‘ Kinderhook — in Ilinois, “Yellow 
” in Iowa, and “Chontean Limestone” series, in Missouri. It 
a was the object - of the paper to prove, first, that these local groups are 
togically equivalent; second, that they are the western representa- 
Sof the Catskill group, of New York. As accessory considerations 
see 
i the Eastern Catskill group, and thus establish their contemporaneous 
- The subject was discussed in two papers: I i Maipapan Con- 
; IL. Paleontological Considerations 
r WHITNEY, State pec of California, exhibited the human 
Said to have Been obtained at the depth of 130 feet below the sur- 
in Calaveras county, Ouida a read a long paper on the subject 
fresh- water tertiary, and the later detrital and volcanic formation 
wis State. He gave a minutely detailed account of the circu 
that he had visited the locality several times, and had 
‘RO reason to doubt the good faith of the aaa testifying 


