546 EARTHQUAKES. 
teen fathoms high followed a severe quake, and extended 
two leagues inland. In 1600, Arequipa was covered with 
ashes from a neighboring voleano. In 1605, November 26th, 
Arequipa was destroyed, and the sea overwhelmed Arica, 
leaving a few streets only. In 1678, at Santa, some 5° N. 
of Callao, the sea retired a long distance, returning with 
great force, and destroyed the town. Four years later 
Pisco was destroyed by a tidal wave. Six years rest, and 
Pisco was again inundated, and in 1690, after a very violent 
shock, the sea retired six miles, and after three hours re- 
turned with such rapidity that the fleetest horses could not 
save their riders; the earth sank, and where the town stood 
is the present harbor. In 1705, Arica was destroyed by a 
tidal wave, and ten years later was nearly overturned with 
Arequipa and other towns by earthquakes. The next year, 
1716, the town of Pisco, which had been rebuilt farther in- 
land, was again destroyed, and now not by a tidal wave, 
for although the sea was so agitated that masts and yards 
of vessels were shattered, it did not pass its bounds. July 
8th, 1730, Conception was destroyed by an earthquake and 
tidal wave. At Callao in 1746, a severe earthquake was 
felt, and the tidal waves were of great size ; of twenty -three 
vessels then in port, seventeen were sunk, and four carried 
inland above the town, which was levelled by the waves. 
Of four or five thousand inhabitants, only two hundred sur- 
vived, and on the second advance of this vast wave, only @ 
portion of the wall of the fort, which preserved twenty-two? 
persons, remained. In 1773, at Copiapo and along the 
coast, the earthquake claimed 45,000 victims. May thy 
1784, Arequipa was overturned, and several districts hith- 
exhaling a great quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen- 
dead fish floated; on weighing anchor portions of the 
twenty-five fathoms from the ship, lying on a bottom 
EG E E EE SS RE are 
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