
-548 ‘REVIEWS. 


tion, and extensive quotations from all the authorities upon the various 
races of domesticated animals he author’s general argument may be 
inadequately given as follows: That since ‘‘all organic beings increase at 
the land or the whole ocean, would hold the progeny of a single pair after 
a certain number of generations,” “the inevitable result is an ever-recur- ` 
rent struggle for existence.” In other words, a contest for growing and 
feeding room in which “the strongest ultimately prevail, ba weakest fail.” 
“Tf, then, organic beings in a state of nature, vary eve a slight de- 
gree,” “the severe and often-recurrent struggle for egee ie will deter- 
mine that those variations, however slight, which are favorable, shall 
rv 
stroyed.”. Thus if by any chance a male is born stronger than his fel- 
lows, he will prevail in the battles of the breeding season, and raise off- 
spring having a certain advantage, also, over their fellows in point of 
strength, and thus this variation will gradually accumulate until the pe- 
culiarity which distinguished only one indiv ge becomes common over 
large areas, and p erhaps universal to the spec l 
Again if an individual vary in any way iah may give it a better i 
chance of surviving in the general struggle, this poe is likely to 

become permanent, since a greater number of this favored race would 
survive and transmit their peculiarities to their oad . Thus a con- 
t u 
ro 
the breeder does amo ng one aid, animals, by the destruction or €x- 
clusion of the inferior individuals, and the pairing together only of the 
strongest and best 
arwin’s opponents say on the other hand, that a species is an invaria- 
ble type, and that the variation of individuals does not accumulate, but 
fluctuates between certain limits. The inevitable conclusion being that 
ere is no progress by the evolution of one form out of another, but that 
each species is a creation directly from the hands of God. 
ants and animals, especially when allowed to run wild, to jan 
their characteristic markings, to the original wild types. i 

‘The anti-Darwinist takes the last view, and attributes the vė 
of domestic animals, with their great anatomical differences, to the pi 
werless 
€ k 
increases the tendency to variation; thus artificially sustaining ae 
ducing races which could not have occurred under the action of 
