592 A CHAPTER ON FLIES. 
we can testify from personal experience. We were told dur- 
-ing the last summer that a horse, which stood fastened toa 
tree in a field near the marshes at Rowley, Mass., was bitten 
to death by these Green-heads; and it is known that horses 
and cattle are occasionally killed by their repeated harassing 
bites. In cloudy weather they do not fly, and they perish on 
the cool frosty nights of September. The Timb, or Tsetze- 
fly, is a species of this group of flies, and while it does 
not attack man, plagues to death, and is said to poison by 
its bite, the cattle in certain districts of the interior of Af- 
rica, thus almost barring out explorers. On comparing the 
mouth-parts of the Horse-fly (Fig. 3, mouth of T. lineola), 
we have all the parts seen in the mosquito, but greatly 
Fig. 3. modified. Like the mosquito, the females 
alone bite, the male Horse-fly being harm- 
their sweets. The labrum (7b), mandibles 
(m), and maxille (mæ), are short, stiff, and 
lancet-like, and the maxillary palpi (P, 
the five terminal points of the antenne) arè 
large, stout, and two-jointed. While the 
jaws (both maxille and mandibles) are thrust into the flesh, 
the tongue (7) spreads around the tube thus formed by the 
lancets, and-pumps up the blood flowing from the wound, by 
aid of the sucking stomach, or crop, being a sac appended to 
the throat. Other Gad-flies, but much smaller, though as an- 
noying to us in woods and fields, are the species of Golden- 
eyed flies, Chrysops, which fly and buzz interminably & 
our ears, often taking a sudden nip. They plague cattle, er 
tling upon them and drawing their blood at their leisure. 
We turn to a comparatively unknown insect, which has 
occasionally excited some distrust in the minds of ed 
keepers. It is the Carpet-fly, Scenopinus pallipes Say (*" 
12, fig. 6), which, in the larva state, is found under ann 
on which it is said to feed. The worm (Pl. 12, fig. 1) m 
long, white, cylindrical body, divided into twelve segments 


less, and frequenting flowers, living upon- 
