A CHAPTER ON FLIES. 641 
short fleshy larva (PI. 13, fig. 3a, much enlarged), about 
-12 of an inch in length, which changes to a pupa within the 
old larval skin, assuming the form here represented (PI. 13, 
fig. 3b), and about the last of June changes to a small black 
fly (Pl. 13, fig. 3), which Baron Osten Sacken refers doubt- 
fully to the genus Lonchea. 
The Apple-midge frequently does great mischief to apples 
after they are gathered. Mr. F. G. Sanborn states that nine 
tenths of the apple erop in Wrentham, Mass., was destroyed 
by a'fly supposed to be the Molobrus mali, or Apple-midge, 
described by Dr. Fitch. “The eggs were supposed to have 
been laid in fresh apples, in the holes made by the Coddling- 
moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella), whence the larve penetrated 
into all parts of the apple, working small cylindrical burrows | 
about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter.” Mr. W.C. Fish 
has also sent me, from Sandwich, Mass., specimens of an- 
other kind of apple worm, which he writes me has been very 
common this year in Barnstable county. “It attacks mostly 
the earlier varicties, seeming to have a particular fondness for 
the old fashioned Summer, or High-top Sweet. The larve 
(Pl. 13, fig. 2a) enter the apple usually where it has been | 
bored by the Apple-worm (Carpocapsa), not uncommonly 
through the crescent-like puncture of the curculio, and some- 
times through the calyx, when it has not been troubled by 
other insects. Many of them arrive at maturity in August, 
and the fly soon appears, and successive generations of 
the maggots follow until cold weather. I have frequently 
found the pupæ in the bottom of barrels in a cellar in the 
winter, and the flies appear in the spring. In the early 
apples, the larvæ work about in every direction. If there 
are several in an apple, they make it unfit for use. Apples 
that appear perfectly sound when taken from the tree, will 
Sometimes, if kept, be all alive with them in a few weeks.” 
Baron Osten Sacken informs me that it is a Drosophila, 
“the species of which live in putrescent vegetable matter, 
especially fruits.” 
. AMER. NATURALIST, VOL. I. 81 
