_ Surgeon and naturalist. 
Japan after six months explorations in the neighborhood of Tokio, 
: 
have the following table of contents: ; 
-Recent Sojourn at Lake Nyassa, Central Africa. Mullens, A New 
__ Route and New Mode of Traveling into Central Africa, Buchanan, 
= On the Distribution of Salt in the Ocean as indicated by the 
' 1878. ] Geography and Travels. 61 
Tribune regarding his explorations in Peru, containing some in- 
teresting reflections on the probable number of inhabitants of Peru, 
at the time of their conquest by Pizarro. He thinks their num- 
bers have been greatly overestimated by historical writers. Good 
collections of birds, reptiles and fishes were made, which by pre- 
arrangement are the property of Professor E. D. Cope. 
GEOGRAPHICAL News.—The Geographical Magazine, for Novem- 
ber, contains a continuation of an interesting description of the 
island of Formosa, by James Morrison. Professor Nordienskidld 
expects to lead another Swedish Arctic Expedition, to start from 
Gothenburg about the ist July, 1878, and za Tromsö or Ham- 
merfest, make progress from Novaya Zemlya eastward, trying to 
force a passage along the coast of Siberia, and returning home 
through Behring Straits, and by the Suez Canal, thus sailing 
round Asia and Europe. Next year the Norwegian Deep Sea 
Sounding Expedition will examine the region between North 
Cape, Jan Mayen, and the north of Spitzbergen, and possibly make 
a trip eastward, in the direction of Novaya Zemlya, to determine 
the position of the isothermal line of 0° C. at the sea-bottom, this 
line being considered the limit of the range of codfish——Count 
Wilzek and Lieutenant Weyprecht have published a programme of 
work for the proposed international polar expeditions. Capt. H. 
W. Howgate has published an account of the American preliminary 
Arctic Expedition, now wintering at the head of Cumberland Gulf. 
M. Kelsief has been making researches during the past summer 
along the Murmanian Coast and in Lapland, for the Moscow Anthro- 
pological Exhibition of 1879; he has made a good collection of 
stone implements and other prehistoric remains. e geogra- 
< phy of the Upper Indus has been made by a Punjab surveyor, 
_ who has completed our knowledge of this river. 
Savorgnan 
de Brazza has arrived at Doume, in the Loando country, on his 
way eastward to the Ponbara Falls. The River Sibumbay, which 
some geographers have described as a northern affluent of the 
Congo, turns out to be a feeder of the Ogowai on its left bank. 
An expedition has left Belgium for the exploration of Central 
Africa. Dr. Maes, of Hasselt, accompanies the expedition as 
Prof. E. S. Morse has returned from 
and has made several expeditions into the interior and about the 
2 coast, and discovered some prehistoric pottery, etc., of much in- 
terest. Dr. Petermann has published a map of Costa Rica 
“ showing the results of Professor Gabb’s survey made in 1873-4. 
The Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Nos. 4-6, 
No. IV.—Young, On a 
cific Gravity of its Waters. Allen, Notes of a Journey through 
