1878. ] Geology and Paleontology. 487 > 
sea Islanders, by Sir Julius Vogel, London Colonial Institute — 
Otis T. Mason, Washington, D. C. 
The publishers of the Naruratist furnish the editor of this 
department with a few separate impressions of the Anthropological 
Notes, and he will cheerfully supply copies to contributors of 
short sketches if they will send their address. 
GEOLOGY AND PALAZONTOLOGY. 
GLACIAL PHENOMENA IN British CotumsiA.—In a recent pam- 
phlet, entitled “ On the Superficial Geology of British Columbia,” 
Mr. G. M. Dawson draws fresh attention to the moraines, glacial 
grooves and ice marks in north-western America. His conclusions 
which we append are of a good deal of interest in connection 
with the former statements made as to the lack of glacial de- 
posits in Alaska and neighboring regions southward. ` 
1. Thecl ter of tl k striation and fluting on the south-east- 
ern peninsula of Vancouver island shows that at one time a great 
glacier swept over it from north to south. The glacier must have 
filled the Strait of Georgia, with a breadth, in some places, of over 
fifty miles, and a thickness of ice near Victoria of considerably 
Over six hundred feet. Traces of the glaciers are also found 
on San Juan island, and the coast of the mainland. 
2. The deposits immediately overlying the glaciated rocks, be- 
sides hard material locally developed, and probably representing 
moraine profonde, consist of sandy clays and sands, which ‘have 
been arranged in water, and in some places contain marine shells. 
These, or at least their lower beds, were probably formed at the 
= „foot of the glacier when retreating, the sea standing considerably 
higher than at present. 
3. Observations in the northern part of the Strait of Georgia, 
and the fjords opening into it—where the sources of the great 
_ glacier must have been, show ice-action to a height of over 3000 ` 
feet on the mountain sides. The fjords north of the Strait of 
Georgia show similar traces. Terraces along the coast of the 
mainland are very seldom seen, and have never been observed at 
great elevations. 
4. In the interior plateau of British Columbia there is a system 
of glaciation from north to south, of which traces have been ob- 
served at several localities above 3000 feet. Subsequent glacia- 
clay, hold many water-rounded stones, with some glacier-marked, 
and occurs at all heights uptoover 5000 feet. The latter character- 
ize nearly all localities below 3000 feet, and are most extensively 
developed in the northern low country, where they appear as a fine 
white sill or loess. a 
. The interior is marked with shore-lines and terraces from the 
