XVII. 
XVIII. 
XXII. 
XXIII. 
Biological Nomenclature. 523 
. For instance, when an author describes a genus and in- 
dicates a species as its type, is it allowable for him 
subsequently to substitute any other species as a 
foundation for his genus, or to use the original type 
as a foundation for another new genus? No, 38. 
Doubtful, 1. Yes, 2. No answer, 4. 
. If an author describes a genus and does not refer to it 
any then or previously described existing species, can 
the genus be taken as established? No, 33.. Doubt- 
ful, 7. Yes, 1. No answer, 4. 
If an author applies a specific name to an object without 
referring it to some then or previously described 
genus, is the specific name entitled to recognition by 
subsequent authors? No, 33. Doubtful, 4. Yes, 7. 
No answer I. 
When a generic name has lapsed from sufficient cau:e 
into synonymy, should it be thenceforth entirely re- 
jected from nomenclature? or should it still be ap- 
plicable to any new and valid genus? Reject, 19. 
Accept, 23. Doubtful, 1. No answer, 2 
. Should a name which has been once used in one sub- 
kingdom, and has lapsed into synonymy, be considered 
` available for use in any other if not entirely rejected 
from nomenclature? No, 20. Doubtful, 1. Yes, 18 
No answer, 
. Should a name be liable to be changed or a later one 
substituted for it, if the original be supposed to be 
inapplicable or contradictory of the characters of the 
species or genus to which it was applied? No, 28. 
Doubtful, 3. Yes, 13. No answer, 1. ; 
Example. A fish without teeth was named Polyodon, which name 
had come into use; when a later author substituted Spatularia on the 
ground that Po/yodon was inapplicable. 
. Is it advisable to fix a limit of time, beyond which a 
name which had been received without objection 
during that time shall be held to have become valid, 
and no longer liable to change from the resuscitation 
of obsolete or uncurrent but actually prior names ? 
No, 28. Doubtful, 1. Yes, 13. No answer 3. 
If so, what shall this period be? No answer, 35. The 
others range from 10 to 100 years, 
Should it be permitted to alter, or replace by other and 
different appellations, class, ordinal and family names, 
n 
become uncharacteristic ? Yes, 30. Or should these oe 
