1878. | Zoology. í 555 
terror, climbing at once to the top of the cage and uttering inces- 
santly their peculiar cry of alarm. So great an impression was 
made on them that after the snake was taken away they remained 
aloft for fully two hours, and not even the sight of the dish and 
spoon with which they were familiar was enough to bring them 
down, although they gave evidence by their outstretched hands 
and their expressive faces that it would afford them great pleasure 
to have it handed up to their place of refuge; still they would 
not come down, and did not until their regular attendant, to whom 
they are much attached, came on the scene, when they promptly 
descended and embraced him fondly. He was then directed to 
place them near the glass front of the cage, and the snake was 
shown to them from the outside, but that which was so frightful 
at a distance of ten feet in the same room, lost much of its ter- 
rors when only six inches away but on the other side of an inch 
of plate glass ; they merely uttered their hoo-hoo of displeasure 
and pointed at it with the forefinger. 
To make certain that they had not merely become accustomed 
to its presence, it was agajn thrown through the door, when the 
two animals, panic stricken as before, fled wildly up the ropes. 
In this connection an interesting fact was observed. Mr. Wal- 
strange object, as a man, both the male and female ascend the 
trees, but that it is the female only who sounds the note of alarm 
and casts down fruit and branches to the ground. This would 
appear to be likewise the case with the chimpanzee, for when 
frightened by the snake the male laid down on the cross-beam 
where they took refuge, and only turned himself over occasion- 
ally to fix an eye on the enemy and to utter his expressive %00- 
hoo, while the female placed herself directly over the snake, 
repeating constantly an entirely different sound, something like 
whey-whey, in a high shrill key, meanwhile leaning down towards 
the snake and violently striking against the beam with the palm 
of her hand. These actions are undoubtedly a part of the - 
maternal instinct called forth in all animals with whom the female 
is charged with the duty of taking care of the young and pro- 
tecting them frem dangerous intruders. 
In contemplation of the mental processes performed by the 
chimpanzees in clearly discovering their own identity with the 
figure reflected by the mirror, and in relying on the protection 
afforded by the glass front of their cage against their dreaded 
enemy, it is hard to see on what but the flimsy basis supplied by 
prejudice, can be founded such statements as that, for instance, 
made by Mr. Mivart, to the effect that the difference between the 
minds of man et the higher apes, “ is a difference of kind and 
not one of degr: (Man and Apes, p. 149. 
The writer, Sori one, fails to see wherein these processes differ, 
