1878. | Plants Used by Indians of the United States. 593 
have been unable to obtain and have quoted them from others. I 
have knowingly omitted none that seemed important or the results- 
of which seemed to contradict the general views suggested by the 
writer, with perhaps the single exception 6f the paper of C. B. 
Reichert (A. f. A. and Ph., 1871), who thinks that the early differ- 
entiation, in the embryo, of the epithelial layer and the central 
nervous system destroys all probability of the nerve endings being 
in the epithelium. How much his opinion is supported by fact, 
the more recent literature as adduced will enable you to judge. 
He rejects, in consequence, altogether the nérve-termination in the 
organ of hearing, as held by most observers, and even denies that 
the nerves pass through the openings in the zona perforata! a fact 
which every investigator with whom I am familiar admits and 
which I have myself witnessed. Reichert is the only one to my 
knowledge who so radically denies the results of the other in- 
vestigators. To me the general agreement among so many ob- 
servers, in such varied fields of research, seems to point unmis- 
takably to some one underlying truth.) 
—:0: 
PLANTS USED BY THE INDIANS OF THE UNITED 
SIATES 
BY DR. EDWARD PALMER. 
The first paper upon this subject by the writer was published 
in the Report of the Department of Agriculture for 1870. The 
present paper will embrace all the additional matter that has since 
come under his observation. 
Fruits and Nuts.— Funiperus pachyphlea Torr., one of the finest 
ornamental Junipers, its wood being excellent for cabinet work ; 
height about forty feet, and diameter from two to three feet. 
Abundant in Arizona. Its fruit, a staple article of food among 
the Indians, is sweet, having but little of the juniper taste. As 
soon as ripe the Indians commence to eat the nuts raw, and to — 
lay up great quantities for winter use. They are then ground 
fine and made into bread. / 
Californica, a dwarf but showy evergreen. Southern 
Californian Indians consume immense quantities of the fruit 
‘The writer wishes to acknowledge his obligations to Prof. Asa Gray; Mr, 
_ Sereno Watson, of sree Mass.; Dr. C. C. Parry, Davenport, vs = e 
S Vasey, Department of Agriculture, for PERA? determining the spe 
