842 3 Scientific News. [ December, 
originated in an old buck, and now characterizes the entire herd 
in one park in West Ireland. 
In physiology a good paper was the one on the location of 
sounds in the head on application of tuning-forks, telephone, 
microphones, etc. 
In zodlogy another good paper was by Dr. Traquair on the 
structure of Ctenxodus and Dipterus, in which he showed that the 
head of the latter is covered with segmented scuta like the stur- 
geon; the author brought out many other important points. 
In general it may be remarked that the conduct of the meet- 
ings of the Association is very similar to that of our own. The 
tendency to complimentary criticism was probably rather more 
largely developed, but this did not prevent the fullest expression 
_of adverse opinions when such were entertained. 
As a good example of one of the evening lectures we quote, in 
part from the Dublin /rish Times, an abstract of Mr. J. G. Ro- 
manes’ lecture on “ Animal Intelligence,’ which attracted special 
interest; he said: “We thus see animal instincts may arise in 
either of two different ways, on the one hand, they may arise from 
the performance of actions which were originally intelligent, but 
which by frequent repetition have become automatic; and on the 
other hand, they may arise from survival of the fittest, preserving 
actions, which, although never intelligent, happen to have been o 
benefit to the animals which first chanced to perform them. But 
now let it be observed that although there is a great difference 
between these two kinds of instincts if regarded psychologically, 
there is no difference between them if regarded physiologically ; 
for, regarded physiologically, both kinds of instincts are merely 
expressions of the fact that particular nerve-cells and fibres have 
been set apart to perform their reflexes automatically—that is, 
without being accompanied by intelligence. In making these 
observations we are not necessarily committing ourselves to the 
doctrine of materialism. That physiological phenomena are 
intimately connected with natural phenomena does not admit of 
doubt, but concerning the nature of this association scientific men 
declare not merely that it is at present unknown, but that, so far 
as they are at present able to discern it must forever remain 
unknowable. The restless tide of intellect for centuries has 
onward rolled, submerging in its arms those rugged shores whose 
name is mind, but at the lines where mind and matter meet there 
_ arises a mighty history like a frowning cliff, and in the darkness 
of the place we hear the voice of true philosophy proclaim: 
“Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further, and here shall thy 
proud wave be stayed.’ So much then for what I have called the 
physiological basis of mind. Passing on now to our review of 
_ comparative psychology, the first animals in which so far as I can 
_ ascertain we may be quite sure that reflex action is accompanied 
by ideation, are the insects. Well, remembering this distinction, 
