% 104: KIDD’S OWN JOURNAL. 

hidden in the garden, among the leaves of 
the trees, for the last month—gliding mys- 
teriously in and out as we passed and re- 
passed. 
A short time since, we had a day “at 
home,” for gardening purposes. Then was 
it that we took the interesting “notes” 
we have alluded to. ‘This little rogue sang 
softly to us among the bushes all day. 
He never left us one moment; but, being 
not thoroughly “clean,” he kept as much 
out of sight as possible—merely crossing 
and re-crossing the path quickly. Con- 
nected with this little bird, we could tell a 
string of pretty facts. Of the love existing 
between us, none can form an idea—save 
those who can appreciate the qualities of 
the robin. His love for mankind is as- 
tounding; though few of them are worthy 
of it. But we must close this paper. 
We have said nothing of the holiday- 
folk this month; nor made any allusion to 
their habits of drinking, smoking, &c. No 
doubt they will be all the better pleased for 
the omission ; seeing that we are apt to be 
somewhat severe on these, their recognised 
“pleasures.” 
The boarding-houses at our summer 
watering-places are now having it all their 
own way. The thick half-pint decanters 
are carefully distributed (as usual), we 
understand, to each of the bearded tabbies, 
whose skill in guaging what was left, and 
severity in commenting on the “marked” 
deficiency, are as remarkable as ever. Scandal 
tco, reigns high as ever; and character is as 
remorselessly butchered. 
Au reste—the steamers are over-crowded 
with “fast men;” the railways ditto. Half 
London has long since fled; the second half 
is preparing to fly. The streets are dusty 
and dull; tradesmen are yawning and inac- 
tive; and business is brought to astand-still. 
Pic-nics, parties of pleasure, &c., are pro- 
gressing merrily in all parts; and “ work” 
is universally voted—a bore. 
What pleases Us more than all is, that our 
Evil Genius, the organ-grinder, has taken HIS 
departure too. It is hard for us to linger in 
London under any circumstances, during this 
splendid season ; but it is just bearable now 
that our enemy has withdrawn with his 
“infernal machine.” Oh! the contents of 
those boxes of whistles! Surely Satan set 
the, tunes, and his emissaries “play them 
up!’ 
That WE are not a maniac, may be set 
down as one of the wonders of the day. Let 
us glory in so remarkable a fact ! 

Wispom is an ocean that has no shore; its 
prospect is not terminated by an horizon; its 
centre is everywhere, and its circumference 
nowhere. 


PHRENOLOGY FOR THE MILLION, 
No. XLVI.—PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN. 
BY F. J. GALL, M.D. 
(Continued from Page 39.) 

WE NOW PROCEED with our increasingly-inter- 
esting Inquiry, and introduce to day our views of 
Mora LisErty. 
We cannot, and we ought not to admit any 
other liberty than that which is in accordance 
with the general laws of nature and with the 
nature of man. We have seen that an unlimited 
liberty and an absolute liberty are in contradiction 
with the nature of a being created and dependent. 
The liberty which we ought to acknowledge, must 
consider man as a being subject to the laws of 
causes and effects: this liberty must render the 
individual and the lawgivers responsible for good 
and evil. In this liberty, our acts must have the 
quality of merit and demerit. The development of 
this liberty must convey the full conviction, that 
it depends not only on the organisation, but also 
on the influences of external things ; whether man 
is more or less master of his actions ; and that 
social institutions, education, morality, religion, 
Jaws, punishments and rewards, are eminently use- 
ful and indispensable. A liberty, which has all 
these characteristics, is a moral liberty. 
Moral liberty is the faculty of being determined 
and of determining one’s self by motives; or, in 
other words, liberty is the power of willing, or not 
willing, after deliberation. It is this liberty, 
which has been the subject ef the lessons of the 
ancient philosophers and lawyers—the only liberty, 
the application of which to social life and to each 
individual, can have the most extended influence. 
The moral code and the religion of all nations 
themselves, suppose only this species of liberty ; 
since their only object is to furnish to us the most 
powerful and the noblest motives to direct our 
actions. 
There are, then, two principal points to con- 
sider in moral liberty ; the faculty of being deter- 
mined, and the faculty of determining one’s self 
by motives. 
To make these two points clear, it is first neces- 
sary to remove a difficulty which results from my 
two propositions already proved—viz. that all our 
dispositions, propensities, and talents are innate, 
and that their manifestation depends on the or- 
ganisation. It may be asked, to what extent 
moral liberty can reconcile itself with these two 
truths? ‘‘ Man,” it is said, ‘‘can in no wise change 
what is innate ; no more can he change his organ- 
isation. He must, consequently, act as the innate 
faculties and qualities, and their organs permit, or 
rather command him.” 
It is true that man cannot change his organ- 
isation ; nor the results which follow directly from 
it. Moreover, he has no control over accidental 
impressions produced from without. Thus, when 
by the effect of his organisation, or of external 
stimuli, there arise in him sensations, propen- 
sities, feelings, ideas, wishes,—we must consider 
him, as respects these impressions, desires, and 
thoughts, as the slave of his own organisation and 
the external world. 
Each organ, when putin action, gives him a 

