1 882.] Recent Literature. 229 



primitive Ganoid and Holocephalous stocks and the Amphibia." — 

 (To be continued.) 



Gill's Recent Progress in Zoology, for the years 1879 

 and 1880. 1 — Few indeed of the numerous students of zoology 

 in this country have time or opportunity even to glance at the 

 work done each year by English-speaking naturalists, and still 

 fewer are able to become acquainted with the work of foreign 

 naturalists except through notices in scientific journals. To all, 

 therefore, the present pamphlet, written as it is by one who by 

 long study of the subject is well qualified to undertake such a 

 work, will prove most valuable, 



After noting that the prominent feature of zoological progress 

 during the period reviewed has been the discovery of numerous 

 deep-sea types, and criticising the ordinal classification of Fishes 

 and Birds put forward by certain zoologists, Dr. Gill proceeds to 

 give a short separate account or abstract of papers containing dis- 

 coveries of importance. 



Among the subjects treated of are the following relating to 

 invertebrates : Anal respiration ; the effects of variously colored 

 light upon the development of ova ; the effects of starvation upon 

 the human system, from the studies of surgeons during the late 

 famine in India ; the Pheodaria, a new group of Rhizopods allied 

 to the Radiolaria, but constituted a class by Haeckel, who enu- 

 merates more than 2000 species ; the discovery of medusae in 

 brackish and even in fresh water ; a new order of Holothuroids 

 (the Elasmopodd)\ a curious ophiuroid. with asteroid characters, 

 found near Madagascar; the ( Jrthonectids ; Polv^oniius and its rela- 

 tionships; parasitic Planarians and Nemerteans; the relations of the 

 Chaetognaths and of Peripatus; the resemblance between the eyes 

 of Limulus and of Trilobites ; aborted development in decapod 

 Crustacea; Scolopendrella; the phosphorescence of glow-worms ; 

 the relations of the Polvzoa ; the range in depth of living Brachi- 

 opods; worm-like mollusks {Xeomcnia and Proneomenid); the 

 regeneration of parts in Gastropods ; Gastropteron ; recent Pleu- 

 rotomariids ; the dentition of the Marginellidse ; the relation of 

 the arms and siphons of cephalopods to structures found in gas- 

 tropods ; and recently described North American Cephalopoda. 



Among the vertebrates Dr. Gill, as might be expected both 

 from the general direction of his own labors and from the exten- 

 sive work performed upon our coasts by the Fish Commission, 

 devotes most space to the Pisces. The principal works published 

 upon this branch are noted, and mention made of the numerous 

 workers who have described new species, anatomized known spe- 

 cies, or discovered fossil forms. Then follow notices upon the 

 ongin of sounds produced by fishes; the functions of the air- 

 bladder ; the temperature of fishes; the ovaries of teleosts ; the 



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