1 8 8 2 . ] A nthropology. 2 5 1 



deed the mahadeos and yonis of India can hardly be said to have 

 had their counterparts in America. 



While the first part of the volume exhibits a vast deal of research 

 and painstaking, the truly original portion and that for which a 

 lasting obligation will be due the author, is Part II., relating to cup- 

 cuttings in America. These sculptures occur on hammer-stones, 

 boulders of various sizes, paint mortars, stationary mortars, &c. 

 They are not all alike in execution ; some are single, others in 

 groups. The .Professor, both in his descriptive portion and in the 

 closing remarks, enters quite minutely into the discussion of func- 

 tions, and a few of his conclusions are herewith given : 



I. The so-called hammer-stones were not flint nappers; many 

 of them show no mark of use as hammers. There is great prob- 

 ability that they were nut-crackers. 



II. Many of the pitted boulders were paint mortars, and those 

 with several pits have their analogues in the compound paint cups 

 of the Pueblo Indians. 



in. They were not anvils for shaping copper disks. 



iv. They were not spindle sockets. Following this discussion 

 is an extended allusion to several large pitted stones, notably one 

 found by Dr. H. H. Hill, of Cincinnati. 



v. The deep depressions in large rocks were stationary mor- 



vi. Certain sculptures found in Pennsylvania and elsewhere 

 resemble the cup and ring cuttings of the Old World. 



In Part in. Professor Rau discusses the significance of cup- 

 shaped and other primitive sculptures, giving particular attention 

 to Professor Nillson's " Phoenician Baal-worship theory," Canon 

 Greenwell's " map theory," Professor Simpson's " dial theory," 

 and many other speculations. The author is very much inclined 

 to admit Mr. Rivett-Carnac's views respecting the " reciprocal 

 principle" in many European examples. The question as to the 

 authorship of the sculptures is also considered, as well as the 

 superstitions connected with them, and the evidence afforded by 

 them of migrations from the Old World to the New. 



Mexican Anthropology.— The fourth and fifth parts oi.Anales 

 del Museo National de Mexico contain the following papers rela- 

 tive to this department : 



