1882.J Zoology. 821 



The greatest portion of the black pigment consists of an insolu- 

 ble organic matter to which Bizzio has given the name of luclaine, 

 and the composition of which greatly resembles that of the pig- 

 ment of vertebrates. 



At the thirteenth day of the development of a cephalopod the 

 anal invagination forms. This increases and divides into the ink- 

 bag and rectum. The cellules at the blind extremity of the 

 growing ink-bag multiply and form a thickening which is the 

 commencement of the ink-gland. The study of the tissues and 

 development of the ink-bag proves that the epithelium of ink-sac 

 and gland is a conlinuation of the epidermis, and that the wall of 

 the bag is a cutaneous fold. 



M. H. de Lacaze-Duthiers has discovered and described in the 

 gasteropods a gland secreting a pigment and having the strictest 

 relations with the rectum, opening into the anus and closely ap- 

 plied to the end of the digestive tube. This anal gland is in rela- 

 tion to another gland | ,. supplied at once with 

 venous blood, and with venous blood that has passed through the 

 renal body. A gland with a vascular distribution identical with 

 the latter gland of the gasteropods, and with similar nervous con- 

 nections, has been discovered in the cephalopods between the 

 ink-bag and the gills, and thus M. Girod is impelled to admit the 

 homology of the anal gland of the gasteropods with the ink-bag 

 of the cephalopods. 



Zoological Notes.— The Smithsonian Report for 1880 con- 

 tains much interesting information relative to work done in con- 

 nection with the National Museum, and concludes with a record 

 of scientific progress, containing among other reviews, that of 

 Dr. Theo. Gill upon zoology and of O. T. Mason on anthropol- 

 ogy. Dr. J. G. Fischer (Bonn, 1882) publishes some notes on 



the collection of snakes in the Royal Museum at Dresden, and 

 descriptions of four new species of lizards from Australia, three of 



them without fore feet, and two of them types of new genera. 



Dr. E. L. Trouessart gives a synoptic revision of the genus Semno- 



pithecus, in which he recognizes thirty-one species. Recent 



issues of the Bulletin of the Fish Commission contain a repub- 

 lished article upon the food of the shad, by E. R. Mordecai, 

 M.D. The writer claims the discovery that shad feed and fatten 

 °n marine fuci. Also observations upon the development of the 

 silver gar {Bclonc Iom-irostris\ bv J. A. Ryder; on the cod and 

 hahbut fisheries near the Shumagin islands, by Dr. Krause ; and 

 a most valuable and exhaustive essay upon Oceanic Protozoa, 

 considered as food for higher organisms, by J. A. Ryder. The 

 entomostracous Crustacea are the great feeders upon the Pro- 

 tozoa, and in their turn furnish food for fishes. The writer 

 always found the remains of food in the intestines, and once in 

 the stomach of shad that were in fresh water. The food consisted 

 of Entomostraca, larger Crustacea and Algae. Among other 



