72 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS. 



been started in 1871, and comprised an area of 18,133 square miles, 

 including Khandesh and some of its outlying villages in the Nizam's 

 territory. Of the total area about 10,532 square miles have been 

 surveyed and published on the one-inch scale, and the remaining 

 7,601 square miles have been surveyed on the two-inch scale, but 

 published on the one-inch scale. The first-named part comprises the 

 rugged and hilly tracts lying between the Tapti and Narbada 

 rivers, forming portion of the Satpura range and the tract of country 

 lying above the Ghats of the Satmala hills ; that surveyed on the 

 two-inch scale consists of the alluvial valleys of the Tapti river and 

 its tributaries, where the country is richer and productive. In these 

 parts the valleys are numerous, well cultivated, and connected by 

 good roads, and the Great Indian Peninsula Railway traverses it 

 from south-west to north-east. 



The Bhopal and Maiwa Survey party was originally organized in 

 1862 for the survey of Ilewa and Bundelkhand, and on the 

 completion of that work was transferred in 1871 to Bhopal and 

 Malwa, to deal with all the country north of the Narbada river in 

 the Central India and Rajputana Agencies between the parallels of 

 22° 15' and 24°, and bounded on the east by Saugor and on the 

 west by Mahi Kanta and Rewa Kantha. The survey lies inter- 

 mediate between the operations of the Gwalior and Central India 

 party to the north and the Khandesh and Bombay Native States 

 party to the south. Up to 1877 the out-turn of topography in 

 Bhopal and Malwa had been a little over 16,000 square miles. The 

 work of 1876-77 saw the practical completion of the topography 

 of the Vindhya range, which runs generally east and west through 

 t lie area of i lie survey. Between the towns of Dhar and Amjhera 

 there runs a low ridge extending northward some 30 miles, and the 

 point where this ridge issues from the Vindhya range is the water- 

 shed* of three of the river-systems of India, viz.. 1st. the Narbada, 

 which lies to the southward and flows westward into the Gulf of 

 Cambay, 2nd. the Mahi, which rises to the north-west and discharges 

 into the same gulf after a circuitous course, and, 3rd, the Chambal 

 and Chamli rivers, which, rising to north-east, unite near Barnagar 

 and join the Jumna. During 1877-78 fever prevailed in almost 

 every camp, but a fair out-turn of work was nevertheless attained, 

 while in the following season large scale surveys of Indore and 



* The height of the water-shed is apparently 1,883 feet. Set Captain Wilnier's 

 Narrative, Surveyor- General's Report for 1876-79, page 13 of Appendix. 



