TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS. »y 



lowered by the continuous stream of human bathers, who are further 

 encouraged and fortified by doses of intoxicating bhang. 



The survey of the Dangs forests was completed in 1882-83, and 

 a survey of the Panch Mahals, incorporating the fiscal details of the 

 Revenue Survey village maps and including forest boundaries, on 

 the 4-inch scale was commenced in the same year. Colonel Haig 

 caused a special survey to be made (so far as the scale permitted) 

 of the hill of Pawagarh, which with the remains of the old city of 

 Champaner at its base, forms an object of considerable historical 

 and archaeological interest, and of which no previous map existed. 

 It abounds with old Jain temples, more recent Muhammadan 

 fortifications, mosques, buildings, and tanks, and still more recent 

 Hindu temples. Colonel Badgley took charge of the survey in 

 1884-85, and the work during that season consisted practically 

 of nothing but 2-inch scale work. Late rams increased the natural 

 unhealthiness of the country, so that nearly one-fifth of the working 

 season was lost through sickness. The detail survey of Baroda city 

 was finished in 1885-86, and an exceptionally large area of topography 

 was covered during the same season, much of the ground consisting 

 of open plain. The operations were in charge of Mr. J. Newland 

 during the greater part of the time, owing to the paucity of available 

 officers of the senior division. In the next season the party was 

 divided into two sections, one proceeding to Surat and Palanpur 

 to carry on the topographical survey of Gujrat on the 2-inch scale, 

 and the second to Kalyan taluka to commence surveys on the 

 8-inch scale of the Forest Reserves in the Thana district which 

 had been requested by the Bombay Government. The surveyors 

 employed on this work suffered much from fever, which is specially 

 prevalent in those tracts between November and January (both 

 months inclusive). In 1887-88 the 2-inch scale work lay within 

 two of the northernmost sheets of the area of the survey close to 

 the limit of the Gwalior and Central India Survey, one of which 

 sheets includes the cave temple of Menaknath, which lies embedded 

 in the side of a hill seven miles south-east of Danta. It is said to be 

 capable of accommodating 2,000 persons, and is a sacred place 

 of pilgrimage for Hindus. A large scale survey of Disa cantonment 

 and environs was also completed. 



In consequence of the Bombay Government having proposed the 

 organization of a special Forest Survey Branch for the future conduct 

 of forest surveys in that presidency, a conference was held at Poona 



