REVENUE SURVEYS. 105 



This completed the work in the three districts of Dera Ismail 

 Khan, Muzaffargarh, and Rawal Pindi, and in October 1882 

 Lieutenant-Colonel Macdonald and his party were transferred to the 

 Hissar district of the Punjab. Here it was arranged that the 

 survey should be on the 2-inch in lieu of the 4-inch scale, but 

 including the survey of village boundaries and the determination of 

 village areas. A special feature was the inclusion by traversing of 

 points (to be marked permanently) in the interior of village lands 

 at a distance of about half a mile one from another, so as to serve 

 as a basis of a cadastral survey to be carried out by patwaris* under 

 the Settlement Department. This is something like the system of 

 marks placed in the case of the British Burma cadastral surveys afc 

 selected s cations where extensions of cultivation are likely to occur, 

 but in Burma the marking has not been clone in the same regular 

 and systematic manner as in Hissar. Two sets of topographical 

 maps were arranged to be drawn, one showing all the details as 

 surveyed for reproduction on the 2-inch scale ; the second set with 

 the details somewhat generalised for reduction to the 1-inch scale. 

 Village boundaries were to be shown on both sets of maps. The 

 theodolite stations, after a good deal of discussion, were finally 

 arranged to be marked by concrete blocks, which Colonel Macdonald 

 caused to be manufactured under his own personal supervision. A 

 receipt was taken from the patwari in every village for the number 

 of blocks used in his village. The Hissar operations were completed 

 on the 10th April 1884. 



In the season 1884-85 the operations of the party (now in charge 

 of Lieutenant-Colonel F. Coddington) were greatly modified. The 

 objects of the survey were (1) to furnish a basis for and a check on 

 the patwari measurements under progress in the Sub-Himalayan 

 districts of the Punjab ; (2) to obtain a new and revised series 

 of the existing topographical maps, which were very old and 

 deficient in details, by utilising the settlement maps prepared by the 

 patwaris ; (3) the survey of all the riverain tracts subject to 

 fluvial action. To these ends the following procedure was agreed 

 upon, viz., («) that in the districts which had been recently surveyed 

 by the patwari agency an attempt should be made to construct 

 topographical maps on the 2-inch scale from the patwari maps on 

 the basis of the old professional survey traverse data ; (b) that in 

 districts in which the patwari survey had not yet been made, 

 * Village accountants who keep the land records of the village. 



