106 REVENUE SURVEYS. 



skeleton traverses should bo run, fixing as a minimum two points 

 in each village to serve as checks on the patwari measurements, and 

 as a basis on which the topographical maps could be framed from 

 the patAvari maps when constructed ; (c) that the topographical 

 maps so compiled should be locally tested and the details corrected 

 and completed when necessary. The work lay in the districts 

 of Eirozpur, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Umballa, and in the 

 Kapurthala State, and the result of the year's experience was to 

 show that the patwari maps of the settlement survey were capable 

 of being utilised for the construction of topographical maps on a 

 small scale when based on a scientific framework comprising all the 

 injunction marks of villages. The errors of survey were not greater 

 than such as became eliminated in the process of reduction. 



In 1885-86 work was pushed forward in each of the above- 

 mentioned districts, as well as in Gurdaspur and Hoshiarpur. The 

 reductions from the settlement survey maps when tested were found 

 to be very correct representations of the ordinary topographical 

 features, and only a few omissions had to be supplied by new 

 surveys. During this and the following seasons up to 1888 the 

 nature of the detailed work was thus described : — 



(1.) The skeleton traversing of villages for the purpose of 



determining the co-ordinate distances of trijunction 



points, and the projection of maps of the trij unctions on 



the scale of two inches to the mile. 

 (2.) The insertion of topographical details on these maps by 



reduction from the settlement survey village maps. 

 (3.) The testing and correcting (where necessary) the reduced 



maps by examination in the field. 

 (4.) The drawing of fair maps on the 2-inch scale. 

 (5.) The re-drawing of the old 1-inch maps of the Sikh States to 



complete the portions of those territories falling within the 



present continuous series of standard maps. 

 Reductions to the scale of the Atlas of India have been drawn from 

 all the standard-sized sheets compiled, covering a total area of 

 11,880 square miles, and furnishing materials for the revision of six 

 of the engraved plates of the atlas. 



Captain E. H. Steel's party (No. 2 Revenue), completed the 4-inch 

 village survey of Rohtak in 1S76-77, and continued that of Sirsa in 

 that and the following season, rendering an excellent out-turn in 

 1877-78. The cultivated tracts close to the rivers were often 



