REVENUE SURVEYS. 107 



difficult to distinguish, for land which to an ordinary traveller would 

 appear nothing but a sandy waste is often a mass of cultivation, and 

 barley may be seen forcing its way up through several inches of 

 drift sand. In the following season the survey of Sirsa was com- 

 pleted, and the party abolished in accordance with the reductions 

 then determined on. 



On the completion of the Granges Dearah Survey, Major Wilkins's 

 party was transferred to the district of Saharanpur, in the North- 

 West Provinces, for the purpose of re-surveying it on the 2-inch 

 scale (in connexion with other districts of the North-West Provinces), 

 so as to show the pargana or fiscal boundaries, the village trijunction 

 masonry platforms being used as theodolite stations for the traverse 

 survey, and the village boundaries being inserted from the settle- 

 ment maps. As the survey was for topographical purposos and not 

 as a check upon settlement operations, it was held unnecessary to 

 crowd in minute details of cultivation, culturable waste, or jungle 

 lands, and it was arranged that the survey should include large 

 patches of waste, barren as well as culturable, the general outlines 

 of cultivation, tracts of jungle, limits of forest reserves, roads, 

 drainage in all its ramifications, tanks, village sites, temples, 

 embankments, &c. In short the same details as those required in 

 the usual village by village 4-inch muzawar survey, but generalised. 

 The Government forest lands having been elaborately surveyed by 

 the Forest Survey Branch on the 4-inch scale from the Siwaliks to 

 the base of the hills, there was no necessity for going over this 

 ground. The details of the two surveys where they met agreed on 

 the whole very well. The traverse survey was connected with four 

 priucipal and nine minor stations of the Great Arc Series, these 

 being all that could be identified, a matter which could cause but 

 little surprise, considering that 50 years had elapsed since the 

 triangulations took place. Endeavours were made to use the 

 azimuths of the sides of the principal triangles, but the heliotrope 

 flashes could not be seen, the probable reason being that the view 

 was intercepted by trees that have grown up during the last 50 

 years. 



During 1878-79 the survey of the Muzaffarnagar district was 

 commenced, and that of Saharanpur district was completed with the 

 exception of the village boundaries on the Jumna and Ganges 

 rivers, which were adjusted and mapped during the following year. 

 A 4-inch survey of the riparian villages in the Umballa district was 



