GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS AND EXPLORATIONS. 137 



and Khakrez valleys, and obtained valuable information concerning 

 the passes into and across the Hazara country. Unfortunately the 

 whole of this material, together with some important notes on the 

 Hazara tribes, was lost during the retreat from Maiwand, and during 

 the subsequent evacuation of the Kandahar cantonment. But 

 Lieutenant the Hon. M. G. Talbot, E.B , and Lieutenant F. B. Long, 

 R.E., replaced the survey portion by a subsequent exploration of 

 theirs, and Major Leach drew up, mainly from recollection, a resume 

 of the lost notes,* and a sketch map of a country which had been 

 up to that time a perfect blank. Major Leach accompanied General 

 Burrows' s force to Gririshk on the Helmand, and did good service on 

 the staff during the disastrous battle of Maiwand and retreat to 

 Kandahar. He was then appointed Brigade Major of Engineers, 

 and served in that capacity throughout the defence of Kandahar and 

 in the subsequent battle of Kandahar, when the enemy, under Ayub 

 Khan, were defeated by Sir F. Roberts. Lieutenants Talbot and 

 Long accompanied the General in his memorable march from Kabul 

 to Kandahar, and were also present at the battle of Kandahar. 



During the following year a committee was formed at Kabul, 

 under the orders of Sir Donald Stewart, for the purpose of consider- 

 ing the equipment necessary for a survey party in the field. The 

 committee consisted of Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart, of the Guide 

 Corps, as president, and Major Woodthorpe and Captain Holclich, of 

 the Survey Department, as members. Their recommendations were 

 as follows : — 



1. A survey party should consist of one officer (who should be both accustomed to 

 triangulate and to use the plane-table) and of two assistants (one of whom should be 

 competent to triangulate) as topographers for each column operating on an independent 

 line in a country where no survey has hitherto been made. 



The native establishment for a party of this size should be as follows : — 



For 1 officer 7 followers | . , . c . . . . . 



^ inclusive oi interpreters and permanent guides. 

 „ 2 officers 10 „ J ' ° 



The addition of native sub-surveyors must depend entirely on the nature of the 

 country under survey, but when they are employed, extra public followers, at the rate 

 of at least one per sub-surveyor, will be necessary. 



2. The instruments for the equipment of such a party will be as follows : — 

 1 six-inch subtense theodolite with full vertical circle and trijTod stand. 



5 plane-tables, viz., one for the officer in charge and two for each assistant. 

 The two for each assistant should be interchangeable on one stand and should be of 

 different sizes and portability. The committee are of opinion that the plain deal table, 

 30" x 26", has, on the whole, been found to be of the greatest use on account of its 



* Will be found in the Survey Proceedings of the Government of India for February 

 1882. It forms an interesting description of the Hazara country and people. 



