140 



GEOGKAPIIICAL SUltVEl'S AND EXPLORATIONS. 



explored by Bative agency. In Baluchistan an area of about 

 7,800 square miles was surveyed. 



One of the broad results was to show that the positions of Kabul, 

 Ghazni, and Kandahar as determined during the first Afghan war 

 were correct in latitude but erroneous in longitude as mentioned 

 above. A large number of heights also entered on the old maps turned 

 out to be considerably in excess of their true values. They appear 

 to have been mainly derived from barometric observations taken by 

 Dr. William Griffiths, who was a skilful and accurate observer, 

 but who unfortunately did not live to reduce his own observations. 

 The method of reduction adopted did not take account of the 

 well-known hourly, daily, and monthly variations of barometric 

 pressure, a neglect which is liable to affect the results very materially. 

 Thus while certain height determinations proved to be very satis- 

 factory, others, particularly those in the high lands around Ghazni 

 aud Kabul, were found to be materially erroneous, thus : — 



Positions. 



As since 

 determiueu. 



As deduced 



from 



Dr. Griffiths's 



Observations. 



Quetta - 



Kaudabar - 



Mukur, latitude 32° 51', longitude 67° 47' 



Obeh, latitude 33° 0', longitude 67° 56' 



Ghazni - . ... 



Shashgao, latitude 33° 45', longitude 68 c 32' - 



Shekhabad, latitude 34° 1', longitude 68° 45' 



Kabul - 



Butkak, east of Kabul - - . 



Kburd Kabul ---.. 



(iaudatnak - - 



Jalalabad - 



Peshawar - 



MH 



3,400 



6,561 

 6,986 

 7,279 

 8,184 

 6,884 

 5,780 

 5,980 

 7,500 

 4,500 

 1,950 

 1,135 



5,537 

 3,484 

 7,091 

 7,325 

 7,726 

 8,697 

 7,473 

 6,395 

 6,248 

 7,466 

 4,616 

 1,964 

 1,008 



North-west frontier and adjacent regions. — During the year 1876 

 one of the trained native explorers of the Great Trigonometrical 



