322 INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS. 



lias endured to our time. For five centuries from 250 B.C. nearly 

 all monuments in India are Buddhist and Jaina, consisting of rock 

 inscriptions, lats or pillars with inscriptions, topes or stupas, rock- 

 hewn temples, and viharas or monasteries, the most important being 

 the Sanchi tope in Bhopal in Central India, described ty Cunningham 

 and Fergusson, and the Amravati tope near the mouth of the 

 Kistua, also described in the " Tree and Serpent "Worship," and 

 by Dr. Burgess. 3. Dravidian Architecture. — This style extends 

 over all India south of the River Krishna, and the temples are of 

 vast extent and magnificent design. They are recognisable by their 

 pyramidal form, distinction of storeys, and separation into com- 

 partments by pilasters. 4. Bengali Architecture. — These temples, on 

 the other hand, have no trace of division into storeys, no pilasters, 

 and a curvilinear outline with a polygonal base. The style first 

 appears in the sixth or seventh century, and the best, examples are 

 found at Bhavaneswar, in Orissa, and round the temple of Jagannath, 

 and thence across India j.s far as Dharwar. 5. The Cluilu/cya style of 

 Architecture prevails in Gujarat, Kanara, Mysore, and Rajputaua. 

 The Hallabid temple, one of its finest examples, was built at the 

 same time as Lincoln and Salishury cathedrals, and is considered by 

 Mr. Fergusson to be among the most marvellous exhibitions of 

 patient human labour the world has ever produced.* 6. The Jaina 

 temples are numerous and elaborate, and have been described by 

 Mr. Burgess. The most noticeable examples are at Satrunjaya, 

 Grirnar, Mount Abu, and Sadri, and they are found along the 

 western Deecan as far as Belgaum, as well as in Bengal and the 

 Central Provinces. 7. Lastly, the Muhammadan or Saracenic Archi- 

 tecture, in the form of beautiful mosques and tombs, is scattered 

 over nearly all parts of India except the extreme south. They range 

 over distant periods, and combine the general features of Muham- 

 madan with the impress in details of local native art. Striking and 

 beautiful examples are to be seen at Jaunpur, Ahmadabad, Bijapur, 

 Delhi, and many other spots. The tomb of Akbar and the Taj 

 Mahal, which represent the Mogul architecture, are even more widely 

 known, and have been thoroughly examined. 



In connexion villi this subject, it may be useful to mention that 

 Mr. Burgess classifies the buildings of Western India as follows : — 



1. Buddhist remains. 



2. Brahmanical and Jaina Cave Temples 



* See History of Architecture, II., p. 60.9. 



