INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS. 325 



century. These temples and the bauris or wells and reservoirs of the same style and 

 age have been very imperfectly examined ; and as they often present features of 

 considerable interest, ""all such examples, both of temples and reservoirs, should be 

 carefully noted. 



Si In the modern Hindu styles from the 17th century there is considerable variety ; 

 the Muhamniadan curved arch is often introduced ; forms derived from the Dravidian 

 have travelled northwards, and plaster and mortar take the place of sculpture and 

 careful jointing. In some cases, more frequently in civil than sacred edifices, however, 

 very beautiful wood-carving is introduced, such as is to be seen in many parts of 

 Gujarat : the best examples of this might be noted. 



<; On the styles of the Muhamniadan buildings in the Presidency and neighbouring 

 States, little need be said ; the cusped arch and the dome are their common 

 characteristics, but the style of the Ahmadabad and that of the Bijapur buildings 

 present points of marked difference. A description should be given of the more 

 notable Muhammadan buildings at such places as they exist, with notes of the form, 

 size, and any special peculiarities, whether of style or ornamentation. 



" Perforated stone-work occurs in old Hindu buildings ; but sjiecimens remarkable 

 for the variety of beautiful design are chiefly to be found in the Muhammadan works 

 of the loth and following centuries at Ahmadabad and Aurangabad, and, doubtless, in 

 other scattered localities where Muhammadans of wealth have at any time been 

 settled." 



Such are the principal epochs and styles into which Indian archi- 

 tecture has been grouped by Mr. Fergusson and Mr. Burgess, and 

 which the patient researches of individual observers have done so 

 much to illustrate. For a record of the latter we must refer our 

 readers to the pages of Mr. Markham's Memoir, where copious 

 and detailed references to the published accounts of these investiga- 

 tions up to 1875 are given. * 



During the last fifteen years the work of General Alexander Cun- 

 ningham and Dr. James Burgess deserves most prominent mention. 

 The former was an old friend of James Prinsep, and inspired by a 

 like antiquarian taste and zeal he sketched out a plan (published in the 

 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, XVII., Pt. I., p. 535) for an 

 Indian Archaeological Survey as far back as 1848. Fourteen years 

 after, Lord Canning gave his sanction to a scheme, the object of 

 which was the preservation of the ancient monuments of Upper 

 India, the rendering them easy of access, the acquisition of correct 

 copies of inscriptions and pieces of sculpture, and the facilitating the 



* A valuable means of reference to the archaeological and scientific labours of Indian 

 savants is furnished by the " Centenary Review of the Asiatic Society of Bengal " from 

 1784 to 1883. The history of the society is written by the late Dr. Rajendrala 

 Mitra, CLE. ; the archaeology, history, and literature by Dr. A. F. R. Hoernle ; and 

 the natural science by Babu P. N. Bose. The work was published at Calcutta 

 (Thacker, Spink, & Co.) in 1885. 



