A NEW NEMACHEILUS FROM SUMATRA 
of the dorsal fin even if the colour pattern is not evident on the rest 
of the body. Peter Bartsch examined this specimen for us and 
confirms the presence of the spot, although now faded, which Ahl 
(1922) specifically mentions in the description of the colour pattern 
of the species. Nemacheilus longipinnis also seems to have a larger 
eye than N. tuberigum, in which the eye is noticeably shorter than 
the snout. 
With 10-15 dorsal saddles and 8—13 lateral blotches, N. tuberigum 
has generally fewer dorsal saddles and lateral blotches than WN. 
pfeifferae (10-18 dorsal saddles, 10-15 lateral blotches; data from 
Kottelat et al., 1993), the photograph of which in Kottelat et al. also 
shows its lateral blotches fused into a more or less continuous band 
from the opercle to the base of the caudal fin. We have examined 2 
syntypes of N. papillosa, the condition of which is not very good. 
However, traces of the colour pattern are still evident; the colour 
pattern seems to consists of dorsal saddles with a well defined, 
relatively narrow, lateral band 3 scale rows wide centered on the 
lateral line, at least on the posterior half of the body. Lateral blotches 
in N. tuberigum may become confluent to form a lateral band, 
especially in the posterior half of the body, but in our material it is 
never as narrow or as distinct as in the syntypes of N. papillosa we 
examined. The colour pattern of some populations of N. kapuasensis 
is readily distinguishable from that of N. tuberigum. Dorsal saddles 
and lateral blotches of these NV. kapuasensis are equal in number and 
more or less confluent, rendering a appearance of dorsal saddles that 
extend ventrally to the level of the insertion of the pectoral fin (see 
Kottelat, 1984: Fig. 16b; Kottelat et al., 1993: Pl. 25). Dorsal saddles 
and lateral blotches of N. tuberigum form two clearly separate 
series. 
Kottelat et al. (1993) suggest N. dunckeri may be a synonym of N. 
pfeifferae. The holotype of N. dunckeri was examined for us by 
Peter Bartsch. He reports the specimen to be faded but that there is 
no indication of a dark spot at the anterior base of the dorsal fin; Ahl 
(1922) specifically stated there are no spots on any of the fins. Ahl 
also described a sharply defined dark lateral stripe, wider than eye 
diameter, extending from the opercle to the caudal peduncle. The 
lateral blotches of N. tuberigum do not form such a band, not even on 
the caudal peduncle of the largest specimens examined by us. 
True N. lactogeneus (contra Kottelat et al., 1993; work in progress) 
are whitish, without any dorsal saddles at all sizes and possess an 
ocellated dark spot at the base of the middle caudal fin rays. Thus, it 
is readily distinguishable from N. tuberigum. 
Nemacheilus tuberigum is easily and immediately distinguish- 
able from N. masyae by colour pattern; N. masyae exhibits a 
prominent dark spot on the anterior, basal part of the dorsal fin 
(Smith, 1933; Kottelat, 1990: Fig. 29) which N. tuberigum does not. 
DISCUSSION 
Squamation and tuberculation among Nemacheilus species varies a 
great deal. The specialised ‘acuminate’ condition of certain scales, 
with large apical tubercles, on the caudal peduncle of N. selangoricus 
and N. spiniferus as described by Inger & Chin (1962) and Kottelat 
(1984) is perhaps one extreme of a continuum. Nemacheilus 
tuberigum possesses elongate, tear-drop shaped scales, even if not 
attaining a acuminate condition, with comparatively large apical 
tubercles, in the same general area as N. selangoricus and N. 
spiniferus and other species suchas N. chrysolaimos and N. papillosa 
also have enlarged or elongated scales on the caudal peduncle, even 
if these species do not possess the distinctive rows of large tubercles 
along the lateral line of the caudal peduncle as do the three species 
187 
just discussed. Of N. tuberigum, N. chrysolaimos and N. papillosa 
the first two have scales on the caudal peduncle that are much more 
elongate than those of N. papillosa and those of N. tuberigum are 
significantly longer than those of N. chrysolaimos (N. tuberigum x = 
1.59, sd. = 0.08; N. chrysolaimos x = 1.48, sd = 0.06 : t= 3.23, p= 
0.0023). It 1s conceivable that when more species are examined in 
detail the gaps between different conditions of squamation found 
among species of Nemacheilus will narrow, or even disappear so 
that the transition between conditions will been seen as smooth. 
COMPARATIVE MATERIAL 
Nemacheilus chrysolaimos: MZB 1374 b, 10 ex. (43.0-47.3 mm 
SL); Cisarua, Bogor, Java, Indonesia; Yachya, 5 April 1970. 
MZB 1366, 9 ex. (27.9-41.6 mm SL); Ciapus, Gadog, Bogor, Java, 
Indonesia; Minin, 25 December 1969. MZB1376b, 3 ex. (45.5—49.4 
mm SL); Cimatuk, Parung Panjang, Bogor, Java, Indonesia; S. 
Wargasasmita, 28 October 1970. 
Nemacheilus fasciatus: MZB 1372 b, 3 ex., (55.3-57.6 mm SL); 
Cikaniki, Cipaku, Bogor, Java, Indonesia; S. Wargasasmita, 25 
March 1970. MZB 1372 c, 6 ex., (56.7-69.2 mm SL); Cikaniki, 
Cipaku, Bogor, Java, Indonesia; S. Wargasasmita, 25 March 1970. 
MZB 2010, 7 ex. (56.3-68.6 mm SL), Sangharus, Airnaningan, 
Pulau Panggung, Lampung Selatan, Sumatra, Indonesia; D. Hardjono 
& F, Sabar, 26 February 1975. 
Nemacheilus jaklesii: BMNH 1866.5.2.60, paralectotype, (49.1 mm 
SL); Paya Kumbuh, Sumatra, Indonesia; male. 
Nemacheilus papillosa: ZMA 112.874, 2 syntypes, (48.0 mm SL, 
male with subocular flap obvious; 56.3 mm SL, female with eggs 
apparent); Lake Toba, Balige, Sumatra, Indonesia. 
Nemacheilus selangoricus: MZB 3551, 3 ex. (28.3—29.4 mm SL); 
small forested stream where it flows into S. Mandai upstream from 
its confluence with Kapuas mainstream, S. Kapuas basin, Kalimantan 
Barat, Indonesia; T.Roberts, 10 August 1976. MZB 2395 b, 3 ex., 
(29.3-41.4mm SL); Tanah merah, Lempake, Kalimantan, Indonesia; 
M. Siluba, 27 February 1978. 
Nemacheilus spiniferus: MZB 6807, 6 ex., (32.2-37.5 mm SL); S. 
Tarusan, a tributary of S. Laung, a tributary of S. Barito, Kalimantan 
Tengah, Indonesia; D.J. Siebert, A.H. Tjakrawidjaja & O. Crimmen, 
16 July 1992. MZB 6877, 11 ex., (29.5—38.0 mm SL); S. Karingian, 
a tributary of S. Laung, a tributary of S. Barito, Kalimantan Tengah; 
D.J. Siebert, A.H. Tjakrawidjaja & O. Crimmen, 7 July 1992. MZB 
6928, 2 ex., (38.7-40.0 mm SL); S. Laung, a tributary of S. Barito, 
Laung Tuhup, Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia; D.J. 
Siebert, A.H. Tjakrawidjaja & O. Crimmen, 15-18 July 1992. MZB 
6948, 2 ex., (34.1-34.5 mm SL); S. Mata, a tributary of S. Barito 
below Muara Laung, Laung Tuhup, Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah, 
Indonesia; D.J. Siebert, A.H. Tjakrawidjaja & O. Crimmen, 8 July 
1992. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. We thank Dr. Soetikno Wirjoatmodjo for reprints 
about a collection he made at Ketambe; Ir. Ike Rachmatika, Drs. Agus H. 
Tjakrawidjaja and Drs. Haryono for their support; and Ir. Daisy Wowor for 
literature. Dr. Peter Bartsch of the Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt- 
Universitat zu Berlin kindly examined the holotypes of N. dunckeri and N. 
