REVISION OF ANISOCHROMINAE 
including the so-called angle raker — and hypobranchial 1) range 
from 9-17 in pseudochromines, 6—20 in pseudoplesiopines, and 
5-15 in congrogadines. Anisochromines only have 2—3 lower- 
limb rakers, although 1—2 very tiny rudiments may be present 
ventral to these; all rakers and rudiments are restricted to the 
upper part of ceratobranchial 1. A low number of lower-limb 
rakers was initially proposed as a character of Anisochrominae 
(as Anisochromidae) by Smith (1954), and cladistically inter- 
preted as an autapomorphy of the taxon by Springer et al. (1977). 
It was later rejected as an autapomorphy of Anisochrominae by 
Godkin & Winterbottom (1985) and interpreted instead as a 
synapomorphy of the Anisochrominae + Congrogadinae. This 
interpretation is problematic because counts for congrogadines 
broadly overlap those of pseudoplesiopines. In any case, lower- 
limb gill-raker counts for anisochromines are lower than has 
been observed in any congrogadines (some descriptions give 
counts as low as 4 for certain congrogadine species, but these 
exclude the angle raker), and we therefore interpret the very low 
number of lower-limb rakers in anisochromines as autapomorphic. 
ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS 
Additional characters useful in distinguishing anisochromines from 
other pseudochromids are the following: dorsal-fin rays I,25—27, all 
or all but first segmented rays branched; anal-fin rays I,17—19, all 
segmented rays branched; pectoral-fin rays 13—15; pelvic-fins rays 
1,4, medial ray small, inconspicuous and unbranched, all other 
segmented rays branched; caudal-fin rays 4-6 + 8 + 8 + 3-5 = 23- 
27; vertebrae 10 (rarely 11) + 22—25; head without scales (predorsal 
scales extending anteriorly to point ranging from about 2/3 distance 
from dorsal origin to parietal commissure, to just short of parietal 
commissure; Fig. 1); lateral line represented on body by anterodorsal 
series of 28-39 tubed scales, and posterolateral series of centrally 
pitted scales; parietal pores relatively numerous (total pores 13-44), 
in continuous or almost continuous series over top of head; lower lip 
complete (uninterrupted at symphysis) with deep symphyseal notch; 
branchiostegal (gill) membranes broadly united, but free from isth- 
mus (Fig. 1); fin spines weak and flexible; and anterior dorsal-fin 
pterygiophore formula S/S/(SY or S) + 2/1 + 1. 
REMARKS 
We here consider the gender of Anisochromis to be feminine, in 
keeping with the accepted gender of Chromis [see Opinion 1417 
(International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1986) for 
ruling on the gender of Chromis]. Without explanation, Eschmeyer 
& Baily (1990: 29) gave the gender of Anisochromis as masculine; 
presumably their conclusion of masculine gender relates to the 
proposal by Bailey et al. (1980) to have all generic names ending in 
-chromis to be ruled as masculine. 
ETYMOLOGY 
The generic name is a combination of the Greek anisos, meaning 
‘unequal’ or ‘different,’ and Chromis, a genus of pomacentrid fish. 
Gender is feminine (see Remarks above). 
Anisochromis kenyae Smith, 1954 
African Annie 
Figs 2-7, 8A; Tables 1-11 
Anisochromis kenyae Smith, 1954: 300, fig. 1, pl. 6 [Type locality: 
Malindi, Kenya; holotype RUSI 149].-Smith, 1977: 22, pl. 4C, D 
[taxonomic notes; range extension; colour illustrations].—Springer 
et al., 1977: 5, fig. 1¢ [comparison]._Wheeler, 1985: 113 [compi- 
lation; text fig.]—Smith, 1986: 539, pl. 46, fig. 169.1A—B 
[compilation; colour illustrations].—Gill, 1998: fig. 5 [osteologi- 
cal details]. —Gill & Edwards, 1999: fig. 8A [osteological details]. 
IS 
DIAGNOSIS 
The following characters distinguish A. kenyae from congeners: 
dorsal-fin rays I,25—26, usually 1,25; anal-fin rays I,17—18, usually 
1,17; caudal vertebrae 2224, usually 23; scales in lateral series 37— 
44, usually 38-41; and anterior lateral-line scales 28-35, usually 
30-34. 
DESCRIPTION (based on 46 specimens, 13.8—25.6 mm SL) 
Dorsal-fin rays 1,25—26 (1,25), all or all but first segmented rays 
branched (all branched in holotype); anal-fin rays I,17—18 (1,17), all 
segmented rays branched; pectoral-fin rays 13-15 (14/14), upper 1— 
2 (1/1) and lower 0-1 (1/1) rays simple; pelvic-fin rays 1,4, medial 
ray small, inconspicuous and unbranched, all other segmented rays 
branched; upper procurrent caudal-fin rays 4-6 (5); lower procurrent 
caudal-fin rays 4—5 (4); principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8, upper 0-1 (0) 
and lower 0-2 (0) unbranched; total caudal-fin rays 24-27 (25); 
scales in lateral series 37-44 (38/38); anterior lateral-line scales 28— 
35 (31/32); anterior lateral line terminating beneath segmented 
dorsal-fin ray 17—21 (20/21); predorsal scales 4-8 (6); scales in 
transverse series 10-13 + 1 + 2-3 = 14-17 (10 + 1 + 2/10 + 1 + 2); 
circumpeduncular scales 12—13; gill rakers 1-2 + 2-3 = 3-5, some- 
times with 1—2 tiny rudiments (inconspicuous ossifications bearing 
a few or no teeth) above and below rakers (gill raker count not 
determined in holotype); pseudobranch filaments 6—7 (not deter- 
mined in holotype). 
Cephalic laterosensory pores (all bilaterally paired, unless 
otherwise stated): nasal pores 2—3 (2/2); anterior interorbital pores 
2-3 (2/2); posterior interorbital pores (unpaired) 1—5 (2); supraotic 
pores 2-6 (5/3); suborbital pores 9-14 (10/10); posterior otic pores 
1-7 (5/5); preopercular pores 8—17 (17/15); dentary pores 3-4 (4/4); 
intertemporal pores 1—2 (1/1); anterior temporal pores 0-1 (1/1); 
posttemporal pores 1—2 (2/1); total parietal pores 13-43 (36). 
As percentage of standard length (based on 21 specimens, 18.5— 
24.5 mm SL): body depth at dorsal-fin origin 19.6—23.0 (22.5); 
greatest body depth 20.8—24.4 (23.0); head width 11.8-14.1 (14.1); 
head length 25.5-28.5 (28.2); snout length 4.6-5.6 (4.7); orbit 
diameter 7.1—8.7 (8.5); interorbital width 3.2-4.9 (4.2); upper jaw 
length 8.4—10.3 (10.3); caudal peduncle depth 13.0—15.5 (15.5); 
caudal peduncle length 8.0—10.6 (8.0); predorsal length 29.5—32.9 
(32.9); preanal length 49.7—54.1 (54.0); prepelvic length 22.1—26.3 
(26.3); first segmented dorsal-fin ray length 5.5—10.9 (9.4); third- 
from-last segmented dorsal-fin ray length 12.2—15.9 (14.1); dorsal-fin 
base length 60.5—66.5 (62.0); first segmented anal-fin ray length 
5.6—10.0 (5.6); third-from-last segmented anal-fin ray length 12.9— 
14.8 (13.6); anal-fin base length 34.3-40.4 (37.1); caudal-fin length 
19.6-22.6 (21.6); pectoral-fin length 17.3—21.7 (18.8); pelvic-fin 
length 12.9-17.4 (15.0). 
Lower lip complete with deep symphyseal notch; fin spines weak 
and flexible; anterior dorsal-fin pterygiophore formula S/S/(S’ or S) 
+ 2/1 + 1 (S/S/2/1 + 1); 20-23 (22) consecutive dorsal-fin 
pterygiophores inserting in 1:1 relationship directly behind neural 
spine 4; anterior anal-fin pterygiophore formula 2/1 + 1 or /2+ 1+ 
1 (2/1 + 1); 12-15 (14) consecutive anal-fin pterygiophores insert- 
ing in 1:1 relationship directly behind haemal spine 2; fourth 
segmented pelvic-fin ray longest; caudal fin rounded; ctenoid scales 
beginning at 1-7 (not determined for holotype) transverse scale 
rows behind branchial opening; dorsal and anal fins without distinct 
scale sheaths, though often with intermittent scales overlapping fin 
bases; intermittent series of centrally pitted scales originating on 
midside above anterior part of anal fin, extending posteriorly along 
caudal peduncle to middle part of caudal-fin base; additional 1—3 
centrally pitted scales present above and below pitted scale(s) on 
middle part of caudal-fin base; cheeks, operculum and upper part of 
