Genus CYSTOPHORA Nilsson, 1820 



Genus LEPTONYCHOTES Gill, 1872 



Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777) (hooded seal; 



bladdernose seal). 

 North Atlantic Ocean at edges of ice from Novaya 

 Zemlya to eastern Canada. Jan Mayen, Newfound- 

 land, and Davis Strait breeding stocks are perhaps 

 distinct. 



Genus MONACHUS Fleming, 1822 



Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779) (Mediter- 

 ranean monk seal). 

 The original range included the southern and 

 western coasts of the Black Sea, the coasts and is- 

 lands of the Mediterranean Sea, the coast of north- 

 western Africa southwestward to Cape Blanc, 

 Mauritania, and the Madeira and Canary islands. 

 Now rare or extirpated throughout much of its 

 range. 



Monachus tropicalis (Gray, 1850) (Caribbean monk 



seal; West Indian monk seal). 



Extinct (K. W. Kenyon, pers. commun.). In historic 

 times its range included shores and islands of the 

 western Caribbean Sea, the Greater Antilles, the 

 northern Lesser Antilles, the Bahamas, the Yucatan 

 Peninsula, and the Florida Keys. In prehistoric 

 times ranged north to South Carolina. 



Monachus schauinslandi Matschie, 1905 (Hawaiian 



monk seal). 

 Breeds on Leeward Chain of the Hawaiian Islands, 

 from French Frigate Shoals to Kure Atoll; rarely 

 wanders southeastward to Hawaii and south to 

 Johnston Island. 



Genus LOBODON Gray, 1844 



Lobodon carcinophagus (Hombron and Jacquinot, 



1842) (crabeater seal). 

 Crabeaters are circumpolar and abundant in pack 

 ice of the Southern Ocean; they straggle to southern 

 tips of New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, South 

 Africa, and South America. 



Genus OMMATOPHOCA Gray, 1844 



Ommatophoca rossii Gray, 1844 (bigeye seal; Ross 

 seal). 



Circumpolar in pack ice of Antarctic Ocean. 



Genus HYDRURGA Gistel, 1848 



Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville, 1820) (leopard seal). 

 Leopard seals are circumpolar in the Southern 

 Ocean and are recorded from most subantarctic is- 

 lands, as well as New Zealand, southern Australia, 

 the Cook Islands, southern South America, and 

 South Africa. 



Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson, 1826) (Weddell seal). 

 Circumpolar in fast ice around Antarctica, south to 

 lat. 80°S in the Bay of Whales; straggling to suban- 

 tarctic islands and as far north as Uruguay, lat. 

 35°S. 



Genus MIROUNGA Gray, 1827 



Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758) (southern elephant 



seal). 



Circumpolar on subantarctic islands, south to edges 

 of ice at lat. 78°S. The southern elephant seal breeds 

 along a continental coast only at Argentina. Three 

 subspecies have been proposed, one from the South 

 American sector of the range, one from the southern 

 Indian Ocean sector, and one from the New Zealand 

 sector (Lydekker 1909). They may be valid, but fur- 

 ther study is required before they can be accepted. 



Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866) (northern 



elephant seal). 



Breeds from the Farallon Islands, Calif., south to 

 Isla Guadalupe and Islas San Benito, Baja Califor- 

 nia. Formerly from Point Reyes, Calif., south to 

 Cabo San Lazaro, Baja California. Ranges at sea 

 north to southeastern Alaska. 



Order SIRENIA 



Family DUGONGIDAE 



Genus DUGONG Lacepede, 1799 



Dugong dugon (Miiller, 1776) (dugong). 



In tropical bays and estuaries of the Indian and 

 western Pacific oceans from Lourengo Marques, 

 Mozambique, and the Red Sea, east to the Ryukyu 

 Islands (Amami Oshima), Palau, the Solomon Is- 

 lands, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, the Fiji 

 Islands, and northern Australia. Carter et al. (1945) 

 listed it from the Marshall Islands; if it ever occurred 

 there it no longer does so. Now rare in all its range 

 except along northern Australia. 



Genus HYDRODAMALIS Retzius, 1794 



Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) (great 



northern sea cow; Steller's sea cow). 



Discovered in the Commander Islands in 1741, the 

 sea cow was exterminated by Russian hunters about 

 1768. In historic time, it lived only on Bering and 

 Copper islands and its total population probably did 

 not exceed 1,000 or 2,000 animals. A rib was found 

 on Attu, the westernmost Aleutian Island, in 1842 or 

 1843, by Ilia G. Wosnesenski. "There is no indis- 

 putable evidence of its ever having inhabited other 

 coasts than those of the Commander Islands, as the 

 find of a rib on Attu Island does not necessarily 



