- this cold occurred there in only two other years, 1970 and 
1971. 
Autumn Temperatures, 1963-75 
Gulf of Maine—Autumn.—Adjusted bottom-water 
temperatures during autumn in the Gulf of Maine 
decreased from a mean of 7.2°C in 1963 to a time-series 
minimum of 5.4°C in 1966, and then increased to a max- 
imum of 8.4°C in 1973 and 1974 (Fig. 14). The greatest 
changes were the 1.5°C decrease between 1963 and 1964 
and the 1.5°C increase between 1967 and 1968. Every 
year after 1967 exceeded the 13-yr mean of 7.2°C, while 
all prior years had negative anomalies (Table 4). The 
1963-75 mean was only 0.2°C warmer than that ob- 
served by Karaulovsky and Sigaev (see footnote 2) for 
1962-72 and about 1°-1.5°C warmer than in 1964 and 
1965 and the same as in 1955 as observed by Schopf 
(1967). 
Temperature class intervals in the Gulf varied an- 
nually even though the observed mean temperatures 
varied only slightly between years (Fig. 15). Generally, 
water<6°C in the coldest years was partially “‘replaced’”’ 
by water >10°C and dominance of the 6°-8°C TCI shifted 
to the 8°-10°C TCI to account for the changes in the 
warmest years. The observed decline in 1975 was a result 
of an increase in 4°-6°C water with a corresponding 
decrease of water >10°C. 
BOTTOM -WATER TEMP °C 
G b Autumn — 
ee {Adjusted 
~~ GULF OF MAINE 
tL tL — i 1 4 i 1 1 is — 
1963 64 65 66 67 68 69 1O- orl 72 73 74 75) 
Figure 14.—Observed and adjusted mean bottom-water tempera- 
tures in the Gulf of Maine during the autumn, 1963-75. 
J 1963 1968 1972 
[ 90% 
50 Eb b fal OT 
© ah 10} | 47 
| 46 
2505 r i r | | 45 
| 4 
fo} 1 [es _i | _— re 
1964 1969 1973 
50 i: a | Ol, > 
1e 2 
25+ ® L ] L | 6 w 
2 ee 
dq 
fo) fie 1 & comet Sree :. = 
1965 TF = 
ae 1970 1974 g 
= 50- K b © | = 
oO ie) [| 2 
4 - 
a © 465 
(ty Fr F | ° 
a 
fo} fon _ 14 
1966 1971 1975 
50h iE Fal © IL: 7 oh 
25h © L {ks | AI 
i 7 
of oth anil 1 n 1 sat n 
1967 2468 101214 246 8101214 
[ Mei pel 
50 48 
47, 
@+6C 
25+ 45 
44 
(eo) th 
2468101214 
Tey 
Figure 15.—Percentages of temperature-class intervals (TCI’s) in 
the Gulf of Maine during the autumn, 1963-75. (Dotted circles repre- 
sent the observed mean bottom-water temperatures.) 
Subareas of the Gulf of Maine—Autumn.—Al- 
though the adjusted mean bottom-water temperatures 
fluctuated widely between years, the autumn warming 
trend which began in 1966 was evident in each of the five 
subareas (Fig. 16). Temperature peaked at 9.4°C in Sub- 
area I in 1970 and declined quite consistently in sub- 
sequent years to a mean index of 7.3°C in 1975; Subarea 
II peaked at 8.3°C in 1971 and declined to 6.9°C in 1975. 
The easternmost subarea (V) was usually the warmest 
with an adjusted maximum of 10.7°C in 1974 and Sub- 
area II was the coldest with a minimum mean index of 
4.6°C in 1966. The largest fluctuations occurred between 
1963 and 1964 with decreases up to 2.2°C and between 
1967 and 1968 with increases up to 3.2°C. Although Sub- 
Table 4.—Mean bottom-water temperatures and anomalies for the Gulf of Maine, autumn 1963-75. Adjusted values are shown in parenthese. 
1968 
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 
Subarea__ Mean (1963 «1964-1965 «1966 _——*1967 
I RL ee oo) ecch. S vesec). ena) 
(7.5) (#1.0) (- .9) (-2.1) (-2.2) (-1.8) 
II G16 pate teen 1s See 1s ome oT 
(6.6) (+ .8) (-1.4) (-1.9) (-2.0) (- .9) 
II Gi epi Sieg Se eg os eile 
(6.9) (+ .5) (-1.2) (-1.3) (-1.8) (- .9) 
Iv Hels Ve VSS) alah dweniet eth) 
(7.6) ( 0) (-1.2) (-2.0) (-1.4) (- .8) 
v PAU esky be eslayt wl resi? 
(8.2) (- .9) (-1.4) (-1.7) (-1.9) (-1.0) 
ae eels Seiten” eile 
+1.0 
tine 9) 
EC) 
<P olf 
a 
+1.0 + 4 
te 70) 
(41.4) (41.3) (41.9) (+ (#1.0) (+ .4) (+ .4) (-1.2) 
=e 5) Be ot staltet 7) +1. 1.8) +1.1 + .8 ae Ae) 
(4503)) CH S40 (8) (418) (429) (1S 2)) G7) (4 23) 
ots} mes + 4 + .8 Are) +159 +1.5 +1.2 
(eh) (EO) oO e(HeaB i (cS) (chles)e (tle 0) 
ae, - .2 = 3 ot sf +13 +1.1 +1.8 +1.2 
(+ 24) (- .1) (- 3) (+ 21) (41.2) (41.0) (41.6) (+1.0) 
td rae: - 4 aS) + .6 +1.8 +2.6 ar ets} 
(EDIS) Grae) (=e 3) erie) (EZ CELE) (4255); ICH 7) 
stoi thie tied + .8 +1.0 +1.2 +1.4 + .8 
(F.5)) 0 (404) (4 24) (+ 8)! (4150) (4162) (4222); (4-8) 
