Higham, Joseph R. , and William R. Nicholson. 



1964. Sexual maturation and spawning of Atlantic menhaden. 



U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 63, 

 no. 2, p. 255-271. 



Sexual development and incidence of spawning is based on 

 examination of ovaries collected along Atlantic Coast 

 from 1956-59. 

 Hildebrand, Samuel F. 



1963. Family Clupeidae, p. 257-454. _In Fishes of the Western 



North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Memoir 

 1, part 3. 



A taxonomic treatment of the genus Brevoortia with 

 detailed description of j3. tyr annus , B_. patronus , and J3. 

 smithi . Although included, B. brevicaudata is no 

 longer considered a valid species. 



Hoese, H. Dickson. 



1962. Sharks and rays of Virginia's seaside bays. Chesapeake 

 Science, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 166-172. 



Menhaden, Brevoortia , used for shark bait. 



Hoese, Hinton Dickson. 



1965. Spawning of marine fishes in the Port Aransas, Texas, 



area as determined by the distribution of young and larvae. 

 Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, 144 p. (Dissertation 

 Abstracts, vol. 26, p. 7507). 



Abundance and occurrence of j5. patronus and B. gunteri 

 in samples are discussed. 



Hoese, H. D. , B. J. Copeland, Frank N. Moseley, and E. D. Lane. 



1968. Fauna of the Aransas Pass Inlet, Texas. III. Diel and 



seasonal variations in trawlable organisms of the adjacent 

 area. Texas Journal of Science, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 33-60. 



J3. patronus among species measured. 



Hoff, James G. 



1970. Vertebral anomalies in a humpbacked specimen of Atlantic 



silverside, Menidia menidia . Chesapeake Science, vol. 11, 

 no. 1, p. 64-65. 



jJ. tyrannus mentioned; reference to Musick and Hoff 

 (1968). 



33 



