studies must include all important fisheries. At the 

 present time integrated broad-scale studies of bill- 

 fish have not been conducted, nor are they appar- 

 ently underway. 



This situation may be due in part to the lack of a 

 well-defined set of goals or objectives for billfish 

 research. Such a set of goals would necessarily 

 have to be responsive to the different needs of the 

 various user sectors of the fishery for billfish. To 

 define these objectives and goals there needs to be 

 an international platform for the discussion of these 

 goals and objectives, a platform in which the proper 

 questions can be framed and asked. By asking the 

 proper questions, such goals and objectives, which 

 are responsive to the needs of all individuals, com- 

 munities, and nations, can be formulated. 



There are a number of platforms which can serve 

 as a mechanism for formulating an integrated ap- 

 proach to billfish studies but it would indeed be 

 unfortunate if we did not take advantage of this 

 Symposium to discuss the subject. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The authors wish to express their gratitude to the 

 Director of the Far Seas Fisheries Research 

 Laboratory, Osamu Kibesaki, for allowing us to 

 utilize certain of their preliminary data. Special 

 gratitude is also extended to Akira Suda and 

 Susumu Kume of the same laboratory for their as- 

 sistance in preparing the data for analysis. 



LITERATURE CITED 



ANONYMOUS. 



1955. Lou-Marron-University of Miami Billfish 



Expedition — Preliminary Report for 1954. Univ. Miami, 



Mar. Lab., Coral Gables. 65 p. 

 1968a. Report on survey of production and marketing of 



Taiwan's tuna longline fishery — 1967. [In Chin, and Engl.] 



Taiwan Fish. Bur.. 157 p. 

 1968b. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 



Japanese tuna long line fishery — 1966. [In Jap. and Engl.] 



Fish Agency Jap., Res. Div.. 299 p. 

 1969a. Report on survey of production and marketing of 



Taiwan's tuna long line fishery — 1968. [In Chin, and Engl.] 



Taiwan Fish. Bur.. 271 p. 

 1969b. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 



Japanese tuna longline fishery — 1967. [In Jap. and Engl.] 



Fish. Agency Jap., Res. Div.. 293 p. 

 1970a. Report on survey of production and marketing of 



Taiwan's tuna long line fishery — 1969. [In Chin, and Engl.] 



Taiwan Fish. Bur.. 285 p. 

 1970b. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 



Japanese tuna longline fishery — 1968. [In Jap. and Engl.] 



Fish. Agency Jap.. Res. Div.. 283 p. 



1970c. Report of research boat Shoyo-maru. for 1969 fiscal 



year — eastern Pacific Ocean and western Atlantic Ocean. 



[In Jap.] Suisan-cho, Fish. Agency Jap., 103 p. 

 1 97 1 a. Yearbook of catch and effort statistics on Korean tuna 



longline fishery — volume 1 for 1966-1970. [In Korean and 



Engl.] Off. Fish., Seoul, Fish. Prod., Stat. Div.. 332 p. 

 1971b. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 



Japanese tuna longline fishery — 1969. [In Jap. and Engl.] 



Fish. Agency Jap.. Res. Div., 299 p. 

 1972. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 



Japanese tuna longline fishery — 1970. [In Jap. and Engl.] 



Fish. Agency Jap.. Res. Div., 326 p. 

 ANRAKU. N., and Y. YABUTA. 



1959. Seasonal migration of black marlin. [In Jap., Engl, 

 summ.] Rep. Nankai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 10:63-71. 



BRAVO, I., and J. C. GONZALES. 



1967. Una bandera cubana en el Pacifico. [In Span.] Mar 

 Pesca, Inst. Nac. Pesca, Cuba 20:32-39. 

 CHERNYI. E. I. 



1967. Ob okeanologicheskikh usloviiakh formirovaniia 

 promyslovykh skoplenii parusnikov (Histiophorus orien- 

 talis) v zalive Teuantepek. [In Russ.] Izv. Tikhookean. 

 Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. 61:11-20. 



FREY. H. W. (editor). 



1971. California's living marine resources and their utiliza- 

 tion. Calif. Dep. Fish Game [Sacramento] 148 p. 

 HOWARD, J. K... and S. UEYANAGI. 



1965. Distribution and relative abundance of billfishes 

 ( Istiophoridae) of the Pacific Ocean. Stud. Trop. 

 Oceanogr. (Miami) 2. 134 p. 



K.ATO. S. 



1969. Longlining for swordfish in the eastern Pacific. Com- 

 mer. Fish. Rev. 31(4):30-32. 

 KUME, S.. and J. JOSEPH. 



1969a. The Japanese longline fishery for tunas and billfishes 

 in the eastern Pacific Ocean east of 130°W, 1964-1966. [In 

 Engl, and Span.] Bull. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm. 

 13:277-418. 

 1969b. Size composition and sexual maturity of billfish 

 caught by the Japanese longline fishery in the Pacific 

 Ocean east of 130°W. [In Engl., Jap. summ] Bull. Far 

 Seas Fish. Res. Lab. (Shimizu) 2:115-162. 

 KUME. S.. and M. B. SCHAEFER. 



1966. Studies on the Japanese long-line fishery for tuna and 

 marlin in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean during 1963. 

 [In Engl, and Span.] Bull. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm. 

 11:103-170. 



MAIS. K. F., and T. JOW. 



1960. Exploratory longline fishing for tunas in the eastern 

 tropical Pacific, September, 1955 to March. 1956. Calif. 

 Fish Game 46:117-150. 



MATHER, F. J., III. 



1969. Long distance migrations of tunas and marlins. 

 Underwater Nat., Bull. Am. Littoral Soc. 6(1):6-14, 46. 

 MORROW, J. E. 



1957. Shore and pelagic fishes from Peru, with new records 

 and the description of new species of Sphoeroides. Bull. 

 Bingham Oceanogr. Collect., Yale Univ. 16(2):5-55. 

 NAKAMURA. I.. T. IWAI. and K. MATSUBARA. 



1968. A review of the sailfish, spearfish, marlin and swordfish 

 of the world. Misaki Mar. Biol. Inst., Kyoto Univ., Spec. 

 Rep. 4:95 p. [In Jap., Engl, transl. in press.] 



330 



