CONTENTS 



Introduction 1 



Processing of data 2 



Empirical heat exchange formulae 3 



Error analysis 4 



Dependence of heat exchange estimates on computational methods 10 



Exchange processes computed from monthly mean atmospheric properties 11 



Effects of variable exchange coefficients 14 



Sea level ocean-atmosphere properties and their seasonal variability 14 



Distribution of coastal stratus in relation to coastal upwelling 22 



Seasonal variation of ocean-atmosphere heat exchange processes 23 



Spectral characteristics of heat exchange processes 27 



Heat budget of a coastal upwelling region 28 



Summary and conclusions 30 



Acknow ledgments 31 



Literature cited 31 



Appendix I. Surface heat flux distributions 33 



Charts 1-12. Monthly incident solar radiation 34-45 



Charts 13-24. Monthly effective back radiation 46-57 



Charts 25-36. Monthly latent heat flux 58-69 



Charts 37-48. Monthly sensible heat flux 70-81 



Charts 49-60. Monthly net heat exchange 82-93 



Appendix II. Standard errors of the means 94 



Appendix HI. Monthly mean surface atmospheric properties 125 



Figures 



1. Chart of the west coast of the United States showing the grid of 1 -degree squares used for summaries of heat 

 fluxes 2 



2. Distribution of surface meteorological observations per 1-degree square 5 



3. Standard errors of the means and numbers of observations for July 6 



4. Standard errors of the means and numbers of observations for December. 7 



5. Linear regression of net heat exchange computed from mean monthly properties, Q N (M). versus that computed 

 from individual reports. Q S (I) 11 



6. Spatial comparison of net heat exchange values for July. 12 



7. Spatial comparison of net heat exchange values for December. 13 



8. The effect of a variable exchange coefficient (C E ) on computations of latent heat flux (Q E ) for June 15 



9. The effect of a variable exchange coefficient (C E ) on computations of latent heat flux (Q E ) for December. 16 



10. Mean monthly sea level pressure over the eastern North Pacific and west coast of North America during Feb- 

 ruary. May, August, and November. 17 



1 1 . Long-term composite monthly windspeed distribution for June 18 



12. Long-term composite monthly windspeed distribution for December. 19 



13. Long-term composite monthly sea surface temperature distribution for June 20 



14. Long-term composite monthly sea surface temperature distribution for December. 21 



15. Schematic diagram of typical summer stratus cloud boundary, sea level pressure, and sea surface temperature 

 patterns 22 



16. Monthly anomalies of low cloud amount for lat. 40°N, 37°N, 33°N, 30°N, and 27°N at the coast and 10° 

 offshore .23 



17. Long-term composite monthly total cloud amount distribution for July 24 



18. Mean cloud cover over the North Pacific Ocean on a 2.5° grid based on nephanalyses from meteorological 

 satellite images for July 1965-73 25 



19. Mean annual cycles of heat exchange processes at lat. 50°N, 40°N, 34°N, and 27°N at the coast and 10° 

 offshore 26 



20. Seasonal cycle of net heat exchange near the coast 28 



21. Power and coherence spectra of monthly mean net heat exchange estimates for 1950-72 29 



Table 



1. Monthly values of coefficient of determination and slope of regression line for linear regressions between 

 heat exchange components estimated from monthly mean atmospheric properties, and those computed from indi- 

 vidual reports 11 



