Extension of jurisdiction from the southern tip of the South 

 American continent by both Chile and Argentina could also in- 

 clude rich krill areas. Territorial claims in Antarctica have been 

 made by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, Great Britain, New 

 Zealand, and Norway. It is of interest that each of these nations 

 now subscribes to the 200-mi extended jurisdiction philosophy. 

 Whether or not any of these nations would make such claims is, at 

 the present time, a matter of speculation. Conditions after 1990 

 may be appreciably different. 



Processing Technology 



Although no vessels have been expressly designed and built for 

 the harvesting and processing of krill, in late 1979 a Finnish 

 shipyard, Wartsila Turku, announced that it had designed, but not 

 built, a powerful stern trawler for harvesting krill. The proposed 

 factory trawler is designed to lower its warps under the ice to fish in 

 ice fields up to 60 cm thick. It would have a fully covered deck and 

 would be equipped with the Wartsila air bubbling system to reduce 

 ice resistance. Included in its design is a processing capacity of 

 about 200 1 of krill a day. End products would be peeled krill, krill 

 meal, and krill oil. No details were released about krill processing 

 equipment. 



We emphasize that harvesting technology far outstrips process- 

 ing technology. Additional catching ability will avail little until krill 

 peeling equipment is advanced to the point at which it will process 

 an economically justifiable portion of the catch. One of the most 

 critical deterrents to the successful production of intact krill tail 

 meats is the lack of equipment that will produce such desirable 

 meats at a high rate of yield and production. 



Marketing 



Krill products have been many and varied, although none are 

 outstanding. The lack of a reasonably acceptable product could 

 very well hamper further efforts at development. A critical analysis 

 of the products made to date should be made to determine which 

 type offers the greatest promise. Experimental work concentrated 

 on one or a few end products having promise will probably result 

 in a product(s) with favorable marketing appeal. 



CONCLUSIONS 



Owing to the many and long-standing uncertainties about krill 

 stocks and the coming development of acceptable krill products 

 for human consumption, we conclude that: 



1) Necessary knowledge for judicious management of krill 

 stocks will continue to lag behind technological development. 



2) Technology of krill utilization will be accomplished by one or 

 more nations before 1986. 



3) There is a likelihood that intensive exploitation of krill stocks 

 will be underway well before the expiration of the Antarctic Treaty 

 in 1990. 



4) There is little or no possibility that underdeveloped countries 

 will tap krill stocks for human protein needs. 



5) The nations that will be successful in exploiting krill stocks 

 will be 1) those whose fisheries are fully government subsidized and 

 vertically integrated, or 2) those that have great expertise in fishing 

 enterprises in some form of cooperation of industry with govern- 

 ment. 



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