5 



6 



7 



Reference to Venus mercenaria comes from a paper abstracted elsewhere in this 

 bibliography. - J.L.M. 



Abelson, Philip H. 1957. 



Organic constituents of fossils. In Treatise on Marine Ecology and 

 Paleoecology, Vol. 2. Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. 67: 87-92. 



A Recent shell, from Cape May, N.J. and a fossil shell from the Calvert 

 formation, both Mercenaria mercenaria, compared fairly closely. The recent 

 form contained an assemblage of amino acids typical of a structural protein. 

 The fossil shell contained fewer amino acids, which may be presumed to be 

 more stable than the moieties which have disappeared. - J.L.M. 



Ackman, R. G., and M. G. Cormier. 1967. 



a-Tocopherol in some Atlantic fish and shellfish with particular reference to 

 live-holding without food. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 24(2): 357-373. 



Lipid and a- tocopherol content of Vsnus mercenaria were determined 1 to 4 

 weeks after collection. Percent lipid ranged from 0.5 to 0.65 and was lower 

 than in most other bivalves. a-tocopherol content after 1 week was 11.6 yg/g 

 in medium-sized clams and 4.9 yg/g in large clams; after 2 wks 9.2 yg/g in 

 small clams; and after 4 wks zero in large clams. a-tocopherol content of 

 the lipid fraction after 1 wk was 1700 yg/g in medium-sized clams and 1000 

 yg/g in large clams; after 2 wks 1430 yg/g in small clams; and after 4 wks 

 zero. It is possible that the larger part of the a-tocopherol orginally 

 present is derived from plant cells which pass through the gut. If it is a 

 cellular- level lipid, rapid utilization or elimination of a-tocopherol could 

 be explained, as there would be none in depot fat reserves. - J.L.M. 



Ackman, R. G., and H. J. Hingley. 1968. 



The occurrence and retention of dimethyl- B-propiothetin in some filter- 

 feeding organisms. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 25(2): 267-284. 



Although mature oysters, scallops, and a pteropod had high levels of DMPT, and 

 mussels intermediate levels, the amounts found in Mercenaria mercenaria from 

 Prince Edward Island were insignificant. A basic difference in food 

 assimilation between quahaug and the other species could be the reason, 

 perhaps by preliminary filtration of certain sizes of phytoplankton. DMPT is 

 a precursor of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) , which is responsible for undesirable 

 odors in some fishes. Many phytoplankton species contain DMPT, which thus 

 might be expected to be found in tissues of filter feeders. - J.L.M. 



Ackman, R. G. , S. Epstein, and M. Kelleher. 1974. 



A comparison of lipids and fatty acids of the ocean quahaug, Arctica 

 islandica , from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. J. Fish. Res Bd Cansds 

 31(11) : 1803-1811. ' ' 



This paper came to our attention through the key word quahaug. The purpose 

 of the study was to compare fatty acid composition of ocean quahaug from 

 different areas to see if they reflected differences in local food sources 

 which might explain alleged flavor problems. - J.L.M. 



Ackman, R. G. , S. N. Hooper, and P. J. Ke . 1971. 



The distribution of saturated and isoprenoid fatty acids in the lipids of 

 three species of molluscs, Littorina littorea, Crassostrea virginica, and 

 Venus mercenaria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 39B(3): 579-587. 



