13 



charged molecule which is not a polypeptide. B° resembles a catecholamine 

 in fluorescent characteristics, but is not adrenaline, noradrenaline, or 

 dopamine. (Abstracter's note: dopa is 3 , 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, UML is 

 methysergide, and Dopamine is 3-hydroxytyr amine.) - modified authors' 

 abstract - J.L.M. 



Ahmed, Muzammil, and Albert K. Sparks. 196 8. 



Chromosomes of oysters, clams and mussels. Proc . Natl. Shellf. Assn. 58: 10. 



14 



15 



16 



17 



Aiello, Edward. 19 70. 



Nervous and chemical stimulation of gill cilia in bivalve molluscs. 

 Physiol. Zool. 43(1): 60-70. 



Meraenaria meraenaria was among 13 species examined. Five of 5 nerve-gill 

 preparations tested responded to electrical stimulation of the branchial 

 nerve. The cilioexcitatory effect was shown by rapid appearance of 

 metachronal waves on previously quiescent filaments. Serotonin also stimu- 

 lated ciliary activity. The lowest concentration that stimulated M. mer- 

 aenaria was about 0.02 pg/ml . The effect of nerve stimulation by electrical 

 impulse was blocked by 20 yg/ml of BOL (bromolysergic acid diethylamide) . 

 BOL significantly reduced the frequency of beating induced by some concen- 

 trations of serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine) . It was concluded that cilio- 

 excitatory fibers are present in branchial nerves of M. meraenaria and that 

 serotonin (5-HT) is the excitatory agent. It increased the rate of beating 

 cilia and caused quiescent cilia to begin beating. - J.L.M. 



Albert, Phil. 1978. 



Insight: or how the DEM classifies shellfish areas. Upstream, Save the 

 Bay, Inc., Dept . Envir. Mgmt. 2(1): 4. 



Criteria used in Narragansett Bay closures are: 1) distance of an area from 

 the source of pollution; 2) volume of sewage in an area; 3) dilution of the 

 sewage by clean water; and 4) median most probable number (MPN) of coliform 

 bacteria not to exceed 70 per 100 ml. Elevated coliform levels are not 

 caused by increased rainfall. Highest rainfall in 4 yrs produced the lowest 

 coliform count at station 11A. DEM's first priority is to clean up the Bay. 

 Closure lines will continue as long as the severe effects of pollution 

 remain. - J.L.M. 



Allbee, Roger. 1973. 



To take food from the sea. New York Sea Grant Adv. Serv., in cooperation 

 with U.S. Dept. Commer . and Dept. Agric . , Sea Grant Pub. 73-001, 16 p. 



At one time clams were actively harvested only when oysters were out of 

 season. Today hard clam, Meraenaria meraenaria, accounts for 13 million 

 pounds of the total 22 million pounds reported fishery landings (1972) . 

 In 1880 production was mainly at Port Washington, Little Neck, Whitestone, 

 Centerport, and Islip. In 1969 Great South Bay produced over 83% of total 

 N.Y. hard clam landings. In 1972, 4501 independent baymen had commercial 

 permits to harvest clams from Great South Bay. - J.L.M. 



Allee, W. C. 1923. 



Studies in marine ecology: I. The distribution of common littoral inverte- 

 brates of the Woods Hole region. Biol. Bull. 44(4): 167-191. 



Venus meraenaria was fairly abundant in muddy and sandy bottom, sparse among 

 rocks and rockweed, gravel and eelgrass . No evidence was found that long 

 continued collecting by invertebrate classes or the supply department of the 

 Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass. had affected the abundance 

 of animals in the area over a nine-year period. - J.L.M. 



