30 



31 



32 



33 



34 



35 



American Public Health Association, Inc. 1970. 



Recommended procedures for the examination of sea water and shellfish. 4th 

 ed. Am. Pub. Health Assn., New York, viii + 105 p. 



Contains detailed procedures on Meroenaria meroenaria and other species. - J.L.M. 



Anderson, J. D., and C. L. Prosser. 1953. 



Osmoregulating capacity in populations occurring in different salinities. 

 Biol. Bull. 105(2): 369 (abstract). 



Quahogs from Great Pond, Falmouth, Mass. collected at low tide had 0.44 

 N NaCl blood osmoconcentration where water osmoconcentration was 0.40 N NaCl, 

 and 0.33 N NaCl where water was 0.20. Quahogs adjusted their blood to 

 external concentration when they were pumping water, but failed to pump 

 below about 50% seawater. From dilute regions quahogs tended to pump at 

 lower concentrations than from concentrated water. - J.L.M. 



Anderson, J. W. , J. M. Nef f , B. A. Cox, H. E. Tatem,and G. M. Hightower . 1974. 



Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and 

 refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish. 

 Marine Biol. 27: 75-88. 



Anderson, Robert S. 1977. 



Biochemistry and physiology of invertebrate macrophages in vitro. In 

 Comparative Pathobiology . Vol. 3. Invertebrate immune responses. Lee A. 

 Bulla, Jr. and Thomas C. Cheng (eds.) . Plenum Press, New York, p. 1-20. 



No increment in O2 utilization was seen in Meroenaria (Cheng 1975) . Par- 

 ticle ingestion stimulated glycogen and glucose catabolism and lactate 

 production in Meroenaria hemocytes . - J.L.M. 



Anderson, William D., Willis J. Keith, F. Holland Mills, Michael E. Bailey, and 

 John L. Steinmeyer. 1978. 



A comprehensive survey of South Carolina's hard clam resources. Natl. 

 Shellf. Assn., 70th Joint Ann. SINA-NSA Conv. & Meeting, 18-22 June 1978, 

 Abstracts, (page not numbered) . 



2 

 In 4 yrs of survey 35,922 yd bottom samples were taken with hydraulic 



patent tongs. Estimated area of clam bottoms was 6,809 acres. Highest 

 densities, and~70% of clams sampled, were in a mixture of shell and sand. 

 Sampling in the Santee River estuary in 19 7 3 and 19 74 located high densi- 

 ties of hard clam which have led to a continuing commercial fishery. Seven 

 permits are issued annually to hydraulic escalator harvesters. Ex-vessel 

 revenue in the hard clam industry of the State has exceeded annual average 

 production since 1974-75 sixfold. - J.L.M. 



Anderson, William D. , Willis J. Keith, F. Holland Mills, Michael E. Bailey, 

 and John L. Steinmeyer. 1978. 



A survey of South Carolina's hard clam resources. S. C. Wildlife and Marine 

 Resources Department, Marine Resources Center, Tech. Rept. 32, vi + 17 p. 

 + 15 p. appendix III. 



An estimated 6,809 acres (2,756 ha), roughly 1% of S.C.'s marsh-estuarine 

 area of 746,445 acres contain clams in various densities. Most are northern 

 clams, Meroenaria meroenaria, and in substantially smaller numbers the 

 southern clam, M. oampeohiensis , and their reciprocal hybrids are found 

 sympatrically throughout S.C.'s coastal waters. Clams are usually found in 

 small feeder creeks and protected areas not exposed to wave action or strong 

 currents. Except for the Santee Delta, commercial quantities are scarce in 



