iO 



Anonymous. 1977. 



South Carolina survey locates subtidal clams. Mar. Fish. Rev. 39(11): 

 38-39. 



The species is not identified, but it is almost certainly Mercenaria 

 mereenaria . An extensive survey, started in 1973 and 80% complete by the 

 time of this report, had located concentrations of clams in several areas 

 of the S. C. coast. Most clam resources of the State are in the intertidal 

 zone. The largest concentrations below low tide are in the Santee estuary, 

 and a hydraulic escalator dredge fishery has operated there since 1974. It 

 was not anticipated that the intertidal clam fishery could be expanded 

 significantly. - J.L.M. 



31 



S2 



Anonymous. 19 77. 



The effects of tropical storm Agnes on the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. 

 Summary report. In The Effects of Tropical Storm Agnes on the Chesapeake 

 Bay Estuarine System. Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc. Johns Hopkins 

 Univ. Press, Baltimore, CRC Pub. 54: 1-29. 



The effects of the tropical storm on hard clam, Mevcenavia mercenavia; blue 

 crab; and finfishes was minor and temporary. Soft shell clams and oysters 

 suffered heavy mortalities. Hard clams survived the fresh waters of Agnes 

 with one prominent exception. Clams relocated from the James River to the 

 York River to undergo a 3-week cleansing period suffered almost 50% mortality. 

 A combination of stress and low salinity apparently was responsible. Direct 

 loss was estimated at $42,410. - J.L.M. 



Anonymous. 1978. 



Louisiana holds promise as big clam producer. Natl. Fisherman Yearbook 58 

 (13) : 182. 



Describes the potential of the State for clam production. In the first 



3 months of 1977 over 7,000 bushels were harvested experimentally. - J.L.M. 



!3 



Ansell, A. D. 1961. 



Reproduction, growth and mortality of Venus striatula (da Costa) in Karnes 

 Bay, Millport. J. Mar. Biol. Assn. U.K. 41(1): 191-215. 



The population studied was made up mostly of clams from a very successful 

 spawning in 1955, which increased the population a hundred-fold. Gonads 

 were ripe in late April to early May, when water temp had reached about 

 9°C. First spawning was on 20 May in 1957. Spawning was somewhat later 

 in 1958. Clams spawned at intervals through the season and spawning was 

 never complete. Ovogenesis continued through winter, spermatogenesis 

 began shortly after the spawning season was over. Sex ratio was approxi- 

 mately equal, and no hermaphrodites were found. In the laboratory, 

 epidemic spawning occurred, stimulated about equally by either sex. No 

 spawning occurred in the laboratory at temps below 11°C, but observations 

 in nature suggested that it may occur at about 9°C. Eggs were fertilized 

 in the laboratory. Some larvae may set at a length of 190 y, but most at 



21 



