135 



Barnes, R.S.K. 1973 



The intertidal lamellibranchs of Southampton Water with particular 

 reference to Cerastoderma edule and C. glaucum . Proc. Malacol. Soc. London 

 40(5): 413-433. 



Of some 80 invertebrate species recorded from intertidal areas of Southampton 

 Water (U.K.) over a 2 to 3 yr period, only 8, including Mercenaria mercenaria 

 (an introduced species) were at all frequent. Hard clam had replaced My a 

 arenaria , a native species, which had recently declined drastically in numbers. 

 M. mercenaria supports a commercial fishery in the area. Size groups of about 

 60 mm shell height are selected out, cleansed by holding temporarily in clean 

 seawater, and sold. Distribution is not natural, for stocks have been 

 introduced on beaches in attempts to establish new breeding centers. The 

 species has maintained itself in its new environment, and all sizes up to 

 about 120 mm shell height were present. Because medium-sized clams are used 

 commercially, small and large clams predominate on most beaches. Hard clams 

 were present at all collecting stations, but were abundant only at three, 

 particularly at Cracknore Hard. The general lamellibranch fauna of the area 

 conformed to the sandy-mud variety of the Maaoma balthica community, made 

 aberrant by presence of considerable numbers of hard clam. - J.L.M. 



136 



Barry, M. M., and P. P. Yevich. 1972. 



Incidence of gonadal cancer in the quahog Mercenaria mercenaria. Oncology 

 26(1): 87-96. 



Of 316 female M. mercenaria from Narragansett Bay, R.I. 12 had ovarian 

 neoplasms, including one which had neoplastic cellular invasion of the red 

 gland, heart, and genital pores. Of 223 males, 2 had testicular neoplasms 

 devoid of invasive properties. Morphological and nuclear cytological 

 characteristics of tumors were identical and of germ cell origin. Neoplastic 

 tissues in both sexes had many characteristics of mammalian germ cell tumors, 

 but the classical lymphocytic infiltration of connective tissue stroma and 

 arrangement of vesicular cells into lobules or strands were absent. Quahaugs 

 do not have a lymphocyte comparable to that of higher vertebrates, thus 

 absence of lymphocytic infiltration is to be expected. - J.L.M. 



137 



Bates, Hans A., and Henry Rapoport. 1975. 



A chemical assay for saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison. J. Agric. 

 Food Chem. 23(2): 237-239. 



The chemical assay for saxitoxin has been successfully applied to a number 

 of shellfish samples. As a procedural test, the nontoxic Atlantic clam, 

 Mercenaria mercenaria, was subjected to the chemical assay. As expected, 

 no saxitoxin was detected. When the ground clam meat was treated with 

 amounts of saxitoxin down to 0.004 yg/g the recovery was complete according 

 to chemical assay. - J.L.M. 



138 



Battle, Helen I. 1932. 



Rhythmical sexual maturity and spawning of certain bivalve mollusks. 

 Contrib. Can. Biol. Fish., N.S. 20 (Ser. A, Gen. 17): 257-276. 



Reports observations on Mytilus edulis, Macoma baltica (sic), Mya arenaria, 

 and Yoldia sapotilla . Venus (Mercenaria) mercenaria is not mentioned. 

 - J.L.M. 



39 



