164 



Biggs, Robert B. 196 8. 



Environmental effects of overboard spoil disposal. J. San. Eng . Div. 9 4 

 (SA3) , Proc. Am. Soc . Civil Eng., Paper 5979, June: 477-487. 



165 



Bird, Samuel 0. 1970. 



Shallow-marine and estuarine benthic molluscan communities from area of 

 Beaufort, North Carolina. Am. Assn. Petrol. Geol., Bull. 54(9): 1651-1676. 



Meroenaria meroenaria was taken at most stations, and was found in open 

 ocean as well as the estuary. Salinity range was 0-35°/ oo ; substrate M-Mu 

 (not further identified); optimum environment estuarine, salinity 26-28°/ 00 , 

 F-VF. Hard clam did not dominate any community. - J.L.M. 



166 



Bissell, G. E. 1972. 



Review of the east coast quahaug fishery (Guidelines for development) . 

 Western Consultants, West Vancouver, B.C., 93 p. 



Cited in Ackman et al. 1974, abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. - J.L.M. 



167 



Blake, J. W. 1960. 



Oxygen consumption of bivalve prey and their attractiveness to the gastropod, 

 Urosalpinx ainerea. Limnol . Oceanogr . 5: 273-280. 



Experimental animals were Crassostrea virginica and Modiolus demissus . 

 Meroenaria meroenaria not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



168 



Blogoslawski, Walter J. 1979. 



Water quality in shellfish culture. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 69: 137-141. 



Water must conform to the requirements of the species being raised with 



regard to water temperature, salinity, available nutrients, pH, dissolved 



oxygen, and metabolic wastes. It must also be free of pathogenic microbes 



and chemical contamination. A mariculture facility permits control and 



enhancement of culture water through screening and examination of intake 



waters, disinfection methods, and use of thermal and nutrient additives. - J.L.M. 



169 



Bluepoints Company Inc. (no date). 



An easy way of opening clams. Privately printed, 1 p. 



Shows with drawings how to open a clam. - J.L.M. 



170 



Blumer, M., G. Souza, and J. Sass. 1970. 



Hydrocarbon pollution of edible shellfish by an oil spill. Mar. Biol. 5: 

 195-202. 



Except for modification caused by solubility effects hydrocarbon concentra- 

 tion in sediments was small after 4 months. Crassostrea virginica and 

 Aequipeoten irradians contained the same oil pollutant, while uncontaminated 

 scallops contained different hydrocarbons in lesser amounts . No mention was 

 made of Meroenaria meroenaria. - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



48 



