185 



Brand, Larry. 1976. 



Distribution of potential food resources for shellfish in Bournes Pond. Ill 

 Marine Resources Development and Management. A Report on the Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program for July 1975-June 1976. NOAA 

 Sea Grant 04-6-158-44016. Dean F. Bumpus (coordinator) : 23-24. 



Studies were underway on growth of Meraenaria meraenaria and other bivalves 

 in relation to amounts of particulate organic matter and phytoplankton in 

 the natural environment. Water circulation is a very important factor 

 determining distribution of food. - J.L.M. 



186 



Brand, T. von. 1946. 



Anaerobiosis in Invertebrates. Biodynamica, Normandy, Mo. Monogr. 4, 328 p. 



Most contents of this book were reprinted from Biodynamica 92 (1944) and 100 

 and 105 (1945) . References to Venus (Meraenaria) meraenaria are citations 

 from papers by Dugal and Mitchell, abstracted elsewhere in this bibliography. 

 It is mentioned that oxygen consumption by V. meraenaria stopped only when 

 valves were closed artificially. Venus continued to consume oxygen when 

 valves were closed by the clam itself. - J.L.M. 

 187 



Breese, W. P. 1975 (1976?). 



Out-bay culture of bivalve molluscs. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assn. 65: 76-77. 



(Abstracter's note: here is an example in which the editor or the printer, 

 or both, have confused the issue. The title page of the volume is dated 

 June 1975, the running head says volume 65-1976. Date of publication 

 remains obscure.) The paper deals entirely with oysters (Crassostrea gigas ) , 

 so the title is misleading. The proposal is described as hardly more than an 

 idea at present, supported only by a single uncontrolled experiment. The 

 suggested technique probably could apply to most commercial bivalves, in- 

 cluding Meraenaria meraenaria. Essentially it contemplates culture in tanks 

 or ponds with controls on water flow, retention time, depth, and opportunity 

 to treat the water if necessary. Unresolved problems are stocking rate, 

 water flow per unit biomass, and exchange rate or retention time. The next 

 step is to develop a ration. In a pilot exercise in a 17x30 ft tank with 

 water 4 ft deep small C. gigas spat grew from about 2 mm to 36 mm, and larger 

 spat from about 9 to 55 mm from 13 June 1974 to 30 May 1975. Because incoming 

 water probably did not contain enough food to support this growth it was 

 assumed that significant phytoplankton production took place in the tank. No 

 cost estimates are included. - J.L.M. 



It 



Brett, Charles Everett. 1963. 



Relationships between marine invertebrate infauna distribution and sediment 

 type distribution in Bogue Sound, North Carolina. U.S. Atom. Energy Comm. , 

 Div. Research, Final Rept. Contract No. AT (40-1) 2593, Oak Ridge, Tenn., 202 p. 

 Dissert. Abstr. 24(1964): 3288. 



A marsh island lagoon, containing a large standing crop of Meraenaria 

 meraenaria , had bottom sediments characteristic of that environment. Nine 

 other environments in the area had their own environmental characteristics 

 and infaunal assemblages. If radioactive materials were to be introduced 

 into the Bogue Sound area, the greatest concentration by uptake in bottom 

 sediments probably would occur where commercial shellfishes are most con- 

 centrated, because shellfishes tend to be abundant in finer grained sedi- 

 ments, which by virtue of their higher content of clay and organic matter 

 tend to take up more radioactive material. Fine bottom sediments also have 

 least tendency to redistribute, thus concentrate radioisotopes more than 

 coarser sediments which are redistributed periodically by current and wave 

 action. - J.L.M. 



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