219 



Butler, Philip A. 1960. 



Annotated bibliography of unpublished estuarine research in the Gulf of 

 Mexico. Supplement 1: individual pages to be inserted in original edition. 

 Gulf States Mar. Fish. Corran. , New Orleans. 



Contains listing of some general survey reports which may refer to hard clam, 

 e.g., nos. 5128 and 5132. - J.L.M. 



220 



Butler, Philip A. 1961. 



Effects of pesticides on commercial fisheries. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. 

 Inst., 13th Ann. Sess.: 168-171. 



It is of special concern that marine bottom forms like clams may be 

 unusually susceptible to chemical pesticides. The first evidence of 

 toxicity is a decrease in growth rate. This provides a fortunate index of 

 sublethal effects. Young oysters have been used to evaluate the effects 

 of pesticides. - J.L.M. 



221 



Butler, Philip A. 1964. 



Commercial fisheries investigations. In Pesticide-Wildlife Studies, 1963. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 199, p. 5-28. 



Mevcenavia meraenaria exposed in the laboratory to a concentration of 1.0 

 ppb DDT stored pesticide in clam tissues at levels from 3 to 9 ppm. Clams 

 maintained in clean seawater and analysed at intervals contained residues 

 of 3.5 ppm at the beginning of the experiment, 0.88 ppm after 10 days, and 

 0.161 ppm after 20 days. - J.L.M. 



222 



Butler, Philip A. 1965. 



Reaction of estuarine mollusks to environmental factors. Biological Problems 

 in Water Pollution (Third Seminar-1962) . U.S. Dept. Health, Educ . Welfare, 

 Public Health Serv. Pub. No. 999-WP-25 :92-104 . Reprinted, presumably verba- 

 tim, from Biological Problems in Water Pollution, Third Seminar — 19 62. 



Clams transplanted from Rhode Island to Florida when they were approximately 

 1/2" in diameter doubled in size in winter when they would have been in hi- 

 bernation in Rhode Island. Artificially propagated clams (1/4") from Milford, 

 Conn, were suspended in trays on opposite sides of an island in Florida. 

 Both lots were of equal size. One group yielded 24% greater volumes of meat 

 than clams on the opposite side, yet both sides of the island appeared bio- 

 logically and physically similar, to the author. Hybrid seed clams of 

 reciprocal crosses of M. mevcenavia x M. eampechiensis , were suspended in 

 midwater next to pure M. meraenaria. After over four years, pure strain 

 clams were 50% longer and had nearly double the meat yields of hybrids. 

 There was some question whether this was a hybrid cross. Nevertheless, it 

 showed that the complete background of clams must be known. - D.L. 



223 



Butler, P. 1965. 



Commercial fishery investigations. In The effects of pesticides on fish 

 and wildlife. U.S. Dept. Interior, Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 226, p. 65-77. 



60 



