vitamin B^2 incorporation. After 2 weeks in undosed seawater soft tissues 

 retained about 65% of associated cobalt 60. Accumulation by shell was 

 continuous for 17 days, probably by adsorption or ion exchange. Cultures 

 of Platymonas spiked with cobalt 60 and prometheum 147 and fed to clams 

 produced results similar to those using the radioactive elements themselves, 

 but accumulation in soft tissues appeared to be more rapid and effective 

 with Platymonas . Accumulation of cobalt alone, without Platymonas , although 

 slower, eventually reached higher levels in clam tissues. Accumulation of 

 promethium by shell, soft tissues, and old shell, at 4 days, was related to 

 environmental levels of radionuclide. Cerium was most restrictive of 

 radionuclides tested in its public health implications. Maximum safe daily 

 intake of contaminated clam tissue by humans was less than 2 g. Venus 

 meraenaria would be useful as an indicator of radioactive contamination of 

 the environment for many types of nuclear waste. - J.L.M. 



289 



Carver, John A., Jr. 1966. 



Some critical problems of the shellfish industry. Proc. Natl. Shellf. 

 Assoc. 56: 9-12. 



A general dissertation on shellfish production, stressing that technological 

 inefficiency is not a good tool and that the Department of the Interior 

 recognizes its responsibilities to help industry, including pollution 

 control and abatement. - J.L.M. 



290 



Casey, James F. 1971. 



A Maryland oceanside survey - Present and future. Comm. Fish. News, Md. 

 Fish Wildl. Admin. 4(1): 3. 



Describes use of a small, shallow-draft, escalator dredge to evaluate brood 

 stocks and potentially harvestable zones for Meraenaria meraenaria and other 

 fisheries. Studies included evaluation of setting areas and setting 

 materials, and evaluation of effects of dredging and filling on the resource. 

 Fishery resources of the seaside of Maryland were still undeveloped. - J.L.M. 



291 



Casey, James F. 1972. 



Experimental seed clam planting in Maryland's oceanside bays begun. Comm. 

 Fish. News, Md. Dept. Natural Resour . 5(6): 4. 



On the oceanside of Maryland the hard clam industry concentrated on chowder 

 and cherrystone sizes, but development of the surf clam fishery captured much 

 of the market. Hard clam harvesters consequently shifted their effort to 

 smaller clams, which also brought higher prices. Concern about the capacity 

 of the quahog resource to withstand this drain on smaller clams led the 

 Maryland Department of Natural Resources to plant large quantities of seed 

 clams. The source of these 1/3-inch clams is not mentioned. Plans were 

 underway to extend this planting program in 1973. Success of the experimental 

 program was to be monitored. - J.L.M. 



292 



Casey, James F. 1973. 



Hard clam seed planting program initiated in oceanside bays. Comm. Fish. 

 News, Md. Dept. Natural Resour. 6(5) : 3. 



About one million hard clams, measuring from 4 to 15 mm, obtained from a 

 hatchery in N.C., were being planted on old oyster shell beds, where chances 

 for survival were best. Test plantings were made on shallow bottoms where 

 sampling would be easy. One experimental planting was in the Assateague 

 National Park area, where surveillance could be carried out. Three to four 

 million clams were to be planted in 1974. - J.L.M. 



80 



