304 



Cerame-Vivas , M. J., and I. E. Gray. 1966. 



The distributional pattern of benthic invertebrates of the continental shelf 

 off North Carolina. Ecology 47(2): 260-270. 



In winter, bottom temperatures between the inner and outer shelf commonly 

 differ by 10 to 12°C. Area A, inshore, is the coldest of 3 areas or 

 distinct biotic provinces, influenced by the Virginian coastal current 

 which brings cold water from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras . Area C, under the 

 warm Florida current which flows over the outer shelf, has a relatively mild 

 oceanic climate, even in winter. In summer, the contrast between these 2 

 areas is not as great. Conditions in area B, intermediate between A and C, 

 were more complicated. Of 54 species taken in area A, 44% were found only 

 in A. Of 114 in area B, 44% were in B only; and of 115 from area C 63% were 

 from C only. Mercenaria mercenaria was taken only in area B. (Abstracter's 

 note: considering the area of the continental shelf in which Mercenaria was 

 taken, and the latitude, it is possible that the species was Meraenaria 

 campechiensis .) - J.L.M. and M.W.S. 



305 



Cevoli, Kathy. 1978. 



Our ailing sewer systems: Victims of an "age of neglect." Upstream, Save 

 the Bay, Inc., Dept. Envir. Mgmt. 2(1): 1-3. 



Shellfish harvesting areas must be closed. - J.L.M. 



3C6 



Chanley, P. E. 1955. 



Possible causes of growth variations in clam larvae. Proc. Natl. Shellf. 

 Assn. 45: 84-94. 



This paper reports results of preliminary studies. Conclusions are tentative 

 and subject to revision later. Significantly different rates of growth were 

 found between larvae from one female crossed with 2 different males, and 2 

 females crossed with the same male. The tentative conclusion was that 

 differences were inherited. Significant differences in mean lengths of 

 larvae 2 days old were not correlated with later differences in growth rate. 

 The tentative conclusion was that early differences are caused by 

 physiological differences in eggs. Range of length of larvae from a single 

 pair of parents increased as larvae grew larger and older. It was concluded 

 that sibling larvae have widely different growth rates which are inherited. 

 (Abstracter's note: variations in growth rates, of course, are to be expected. 

 The increase in range with age may be more apparent than real. It is relative 

 range rather than absolute ranges that should be compared.) Ability of sperm 

 to fertilize eggs decreases as time between discharge of sperm and 

 fertilization increases. Eggs remain receptive for longer. - modified 

 author's summary - J.L.M. 



307 



Chanley, Paul E. 1958. 



Survival of some juvenile bivalves in water of low salinity. Proc. Natl. 

 Shellf. Assn. 48: 52-65. 



Venus mercenaria in the 1st experiment were 10 to 21.5 mm long. At salinity 

 22.5°/°° and 27°/oo, over 90% dug in and fed during the 1st day. At 17. 5°/°° 

 to 20°/°° it took 7 days for 90% to dig in and feed. At 15°/° o none opened 

 until the 7th day, and it took 19 days for over 90% to dig in and feed. At 

 10°/oo or lower there was little digging or feeding and all clams eventually 

 died. However, at 10°/°° the first death was on the 28th day and only 10% 

 had died in 32 days. Two clams survived until the 82nd and 90th days. At 

 5°/o the first death was on the 18th day; all were dead on the 54th day. 

 Even in fresh water clams lasted 22 days before the 1st death; all were dead 

 by the 45th day. Clams were transferred direct from 27°/oo to each of the 



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