368 



Cohen, Carolyn, Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi, and John Kendrick-Jones . 1971. 



Paramyosin and the filaments of molluscan "catch" muscles. I. Paramyosin: 

 Structure and Assembly. J. Mol. Biol. 56(2): 223-237. 



Paramyosin is an a-protein found in many muscles of mollusks and other 

 invertebrates. It is present in especially large amounts in "catch" 

 muscles of mollusks. White adductor muscle of Mercenaria mercenaria had 

 a molecular length of 1,257*35 Angstrom units (A) , and in the polar (PI) 

 form a light band 532 A wide (scaled to 725 A) and a dark band 193 A wide. 

 Red adductor muscle had a molecular length of 1,255 A, a light band of 

 530 A, and a dark band of 195 A. Band patterns can be accounted for by 

 arrays of molecules which do not have end-to-end bonding. In stained 

 preparations precipitated with divalent cations the dark regions are 

 interpreted as "gap" areas where stain can penetrate the paracrystal; the 

 light areas are overlap areas where stain is largely excluded. Thus, the 

 molecule length is 725 A plus the length of the overlap zone. The paper 

 is illustrated with striking electron micrographs which confirm inter- 

 pretation of negative staining patterns. Marked corrugation at the edge 

 of fibers corresponded to light regions where stain was excluded. - J.L.M. 



369 



Cole, H. A. 1937. 



Experiments in the breeding of oysters (Ostrea edulis) in tanks, with 

 special reference to the food of the larva and spat. Minist . Agric. 

 Fish., Fish. Invest., Lond. Ser. II, 15(4): 1-25. 



Although this paper does not mention Mercenaria meroenaria or Venus species, 

 it contains some important conclusions which may have implications for 

 rearing and setting of clam larvae. The general conclusion was that 

 physical conditions cannot be limiting factors in growth and setting of 

 oyster larvae. Growth and setting occurred in unusually cold and sunless 

 seasons, and in exceptionally bright and sunny seasons, at all water temps 

 between 15° and 22°C, at pH of 8.0 to 8.85, at salinities between 30 and 

 34. 5°/° °, in turbid or clear water, enriched or not, and in stagnant or 

 flowing water. The nature and quantity of food organisms appeared to be 

 factors limiting breeding, larval life, and spatfall. - J.L.M. 



370 



Cole, H. A., and B. T. Hepper . 1954. 



The use of neutral red solution for the comparative study of filtration 

 rates of Lamellibranchs. J. Cons. 20(1): 197-203. 



Mytilus edulis was the experimental animal. Mercenaria mercenaria is not 

 mentioned. - J.L.M. 



371 



Cole, Richard W. 1977. 



No title. (A draft survey of hard clam resources of Rehoboth and Indian 

 River Bays, Del.) - see letter dated 15 Apr 77. 



PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT 



Commercial landings in Del have been declining since 1965. Commercial and 

 recreational landings of hard clam make it the third most important shell- 

 fish resource in the State. Nine full-time and about 30 part-time commercial 

 clammers work the 2 bays. Commercial harvesters usually work waters deeper 

 than 5 ft, recreational clammers seldom beyond 5 ft. The survey was done in 

 response to repeated pressures to increase catch limits for commercial and 

 recreational harvesting and to lease additional bottom for power dredging. 

 Sampling of 1 m areas was done with a small hand-held venturi dredge by 

 SCUBA divers. Depth of sampling was 12 in. Total samples were 33 8. Total 

 clams taken were 528 in Indian River Bay and 404 in Rehoboth Bay. Clams per 

 standard sample ranged from to 21. Five principal sediment types were 

 recognized: black, silty, organic-rich mud; sand; mixtures of silty mud and 



102 



