acid was present in the protein as asparagine. Titration of soluble matrix 

 with Ca in presence of excess Na, K, or Mg , using a calcium electrode, 

 showed that Ca was bound selectively. Urea concentrations above 3 M 

 eliminated the Ca binding. Soluble matrix appeared to be identical with 

 intracrystalline matrix identified in ultrastructural studies of molluscan 

 shell. Soluble matrix may have a role in starting calcification. - from 

 author's summary - J.L.M. 



402 



Crenshaw, Miles A. 197.2. 



The inorganic composition of molluscan extrapallial fluid. Biol. Bull. 

 143(3): 506-512. 



Inorganic composition of extrapallial fluid of Meraenaria meraenaria , 

 Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea virginiaa was significantly different from 

 that of seawater. Ca was the principal ion, and Ca concentration was 

 higher than that of blood plasma. K concentration of extrapallial fluid 

 was lower than that of blood plasma. This demonstrated that extrapallial 

 fluid is separated from blood, it is not formed by leakage from or damage 

 to mantle cells, and it is different from skeletal extracellular fluid of 

 vertebrates. Binding of Ca in the fluid was accomplished by a non- 

 dialyzable component that appeared to be a glycoprotein. - J.L.M. 



403 



Crenshaw, Miles A., and Jerry M. Neff . 1969. 



Decalcification at the mantle-shell interface in molluscs. Am. Zool. 9(3): 

 881-885. 



Decalcification in Meraenaria meraenaria was studied through changes in 

 chemical composition of extrapallial fluid, and by measurement of Ca" 

 deposition and solution. Clams were anaerobic soon after valves closed. 

 Ca & CO2 content of extrapallial fluid increased with increasing time of 

 closure, pH dropped. Succinic acid produced by anaerobic metabolism was 

 neutralized by dissolution of previously deposited shell. A 100 g clam 

 lost about 2 mg of shell/hr. - J.L.M. 



404 



Crenshaw, Miles A., and N. Watabe. 1969. 



The muscle attachment ot (sic) the shell of Meraenaria meraenaria. Am. Zool. 

 9 (4) : 1139. 



Muscle fibers were attached directly to myostracum. No intervening adhesive 

 epithelium was found. When shell was decalcified, the adductor retained its 

 attachment to conchiolin of the shell. - J.L.M. 



405 



Croker, R. A., and A. J. Wilson. 1965. 



Kinetics and effects of DDT in a tidal marsh ditch. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc . 

 94: 157. 



406 



Cronin, L. Eugene, M. Grant Gross, Maurice P. Lynch, and J. Kevin Sullivan. 



1977. 



The condition of the Chesapeake Bay - A consensus. In Proc. Bi-State Conf. 

 on Chesapeake Bay. L. Eugene Cronin (Chm. Ed. & Planning Comm. ) . Chesapeake 

 Research Consortium Inc., CRC Pub. 61: 37-61. 



Hard clam stocks of the Bay appear to be in good condition, producing catches 

 at least near the long-time average. No commercial culture is under way 

 around the Chesapeake. No loss from severe winter in 1976-77 was observed in 

 the middle or lower Bay. - J.L.M. 



112 



