Density of hard clams in the Bay varies from zero to over 3 clams/ft^, with 

 greatest densities on the N.Y. side. Geometric mean counts of coliform 

 bacteria varied from 10,000 MPN/100 ml at the Narrows and 7,000/100 ml at 

 the mouth of the Raritan River to less than 50/100 ml in Sandy Hook Bay. 

 Samples of shellfish from 12 of 50 stations had more than 2,400 coliform 

 organisms per 100 g of meats. Geometric means ranged from 610 to 16,000 

 MPN/100 g. None taken from waters with temp less than 8.5°C had total 

 coliform MPN of 2,400 or more/100 g. Salmonellae were isolated from clam 

 meats at 14 of 50 stations but were not necessarily associated with high 

 coliform counts. Salmonella derby was the predominant serotype. Shellfish 

 meats contained the following trace metals: Cu - 0-5 mg/kilo of meats, Zn - 

 40-60 mg, Pb - 0-0.3 mg, Cr - 0-0.2 mg, and Ni - 0-0.2 mg. Phenols were 

 present at 3 5.2 mg/100 g tissue and mineral oils 0-4 mg. Recommendations 

 were made for sewage treatment standards, improved practices at industrial 

 plants, including laboratory controls, improved waste treatment on commercial 

 and recreational vessels, and additional measures to safeguard water quality. 



- J.L.M. 



468 



Dexter, Ralph W. 1942. 



Notes on the marine mollusks of Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Nautilus 56(2): 

 57-61. 



Collections were made in the intertidal zone by hand picking and with a 

 clam fork, in the subtidal zone with a naturalist's dredge. Intensive 

 collecting was done in the Annisquam River, a tidal inlet, and samples 

 were taken in Ipswich Bay, Sandy Bay, Gloucester Harbor, and along the 

 eastern coast of Cape Ann. Venus mercenaria was collected in sand at 

 spring low water on Annisquam beaches. - J.L.M. 



469 



Dexter, Ralph W. 1944. 



Annual fluctuation of abundance of some marine mollusks. Nautilus 58(1): 

 18-24. 



Abundance of 7 snail and 5 bivalve species was observed from 1933 to 1937. 

 Mercenaria (Venus) mercenaria was not included. All species fluctuated 

 widely in abundance over the 5-year period, Littorina saxatilis from no 

 living specimens to an abundance averaging 2 snails/in2 over a wide area. 

 Depending on species, fluctuations were attributed to overfishing of 

 commercial species, disappearance of eelgrass, severe winters, and predation. 



- J.L.M. 



4 70 



Dexter, Ralph W. 1944. 



Ecological significance of the disappearance of eel-grass at Cape Ann, 

 Massachusetts. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 8(3): 173-176. 



Coincidentally with disappearance of eelgrass in the early 1930s and its 

 slow return from 1933 to 1940 were declines and subsequent recoveries of 

 soft clam and American lobster stocks. Mercenaria meraenaria is not 

 mentioned. - J.L.M. 



471 



Dexter, Ralph W. 1945. 



Zonation of the intertidal marine mollusks at Cape Ann, Massachusetts. 

 Nautilus 58(4): 135-142. 



Studies were made on the shores of Annisquam River during summers, 1935-37. 

 Fifteen localities were sampled. Mercenaria (Venus) meraenaria apparently 

 was not encountered. - J.L.M. 



131 



