alidade. Population density averaged 79.5 clams per square foot, with a 

 size range from 27 to 56 mm and a median diameter of 43 mm within an area 

 of 3.28 acres. Winter mortality reduced the population by 40.3 percent 

 primarily as a result of gales that removed sediment cover and were followed 

 by alternate freezing and thawing air temperatures during low tide periods. 

 Storms with the highest wind velocities were from the southeast and the 

 greatest redistribution of individuals was toward the northwest a maximum 

 distance of 3 87 feet. In spring the surviving population occupied an area 

 of 6.81 acres and the physical center had been displaced 100 feet to the 

 northwest. Density of animals, living and dead, decreased from 79.5 in 

 October to 41.7 per square foot by the time of the resurvey. - W.J.B. 



508 



Dowd, R. M. 1972. 



Dredging on Long Island. Regional Marine Resources Council, Nassau-Suffolk 

 Regional Planning Board. Center for the Environment and Man, Inc., Hartford, 

 Conn., v+43 p. 



In the Long Island area it was concluded that damage to shellfishes (species 

 not named) would be confined to the boundary of the project. - J.L.M. 



509 



Doyle, Larry J., Norman J. Blake, C. C. Woo, and Paul Yevich. 1978. 



Recent biogenic phosphorite: Concretions in mollusk kidneys. Science 

 199(4336) : 1431-1433. 



Two widely distributed bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten 

 irradians , with relatively high population densities, may have phosphorite 

 concretions in the kidneys. This is the first demonstration of direct 

 biogenic formation of phosphorite grains, principally amorphous calcium 

 phosphate. Hard clams were collected from muddy sand which smelled strongly 

 of H2S, in a heavily polluted part of Narragansett Bay, R.I. These con- 

 cretions appeared to be a normal excretory product under reproductive, 

 environmental, or pollutant-induced stress. They may account for formation 

 of some marine phosphorite deposits which are not easily explained by the 

 chemical precipitation-replacement hypothesis. - J.L.M. 



510 



Drach, P. 19 58. 



Perspectives in the study of benthic fauna of the continental shelf . In 

 Perspectives in Marine Biology. A. A. Buzzati-Traverso (edj . Univ. Calif. 

 Press, Berkeley, p. 33-46. 



The paper deals primarily with techniques and general principles. Mercenaria 

 mercenaria is not mentioned. - J.L.M. 



511 



Dragovich, Alexander, and John A. Kelly, Jr. 1964. 



Ecological observations of macro- invertebrates in Tampa Bay, Florida, 1961- 

 1962. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 14: 74-102. 



No mention of Meroenaria (Venus) mercenaria. - W.J.B. 



512 



Dressel, David M., and Donald S. FitzGibbon. 1978. 



The United States molluscan shellfish industry. In Drugs and Food from 

 the Sea: Myth or Reality? Pushkar N. Kaul and Carl J. Sindermann (eds.) . 

 Univ. Oklahoma, Norman, p. 251-283. 



Most of the clam industry is on the east coast and consists mostly of har- 

 vesting 4 species, of which hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria , made up 17% 

 by volume and 53% by value of the -4 species in 1973. This is the oldest of 

 the clam fisheries in the United States, dating back to colonial times, but 



142 



