gaining prominence in the early 1900s when canneries opened. The west coast 

 of Florida was a major producer of canned clams in 1913, and in 1943 the 

 largest clam bed in the United States covered a 150 square mile area off 

 west Florida. The war and resultant meat shortages increased the demand for 

 clams, and by 1947 this bed was totally depleted. In the same year New Eng- 

 land and Long Island also were recording peak landings. High water quality 

 is needed for safe harvests. Resources in the major producing States of New 

 York, Delaware, Virginia, and Maryland continue to decline from heavy har- 

 vesting. Hard clams, although still the most valued, are being displaced by 

 other more abundant species of lesser value. The 4 species represent over 

 99 percent of total clam landings in the past 10 yrs, but increased effort 

 to utilize other species is likely. - J.L.M. 



513 



Drinnan, R. E. 1964. 



An apparatus for recording the water-pumping behaviour of lamellibranchs . 

 Neth. J. Sea Res. 2(2): 223-232. 



The apparatus was used with oysters and mussels. - J.L.M. 



514 



Drinnan, R. E. 1966. 



Observations on the accumulation of heavy metals by shellfish in the estuary 

 of the Miramichi River, N.B., 1961-6 3. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Manuscript 

 Rept. Ser. (Biological), 8 p. + 3 tables. 



Quahaugs were examined in Lower Miramichi Bay to investigate the possible 

 relevance of zinc pollution to an unexplained mortality of Mercenaria 

 mercenaria in the area in the past few years. All showed very low zinc 

 scores, suggesting that Zn was not involved in mortality. Oysters in the 

 same area had much higher Zn residues. This confirmed other observations 

 that other shellfishes do not concentrate metallic elements to the same 

 extent that oysters do. - J.L.M. 



515 



Driscoll, Egbert G. 196 8. 



Sublittoral attached epifaunal development in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. 

 Hydrobiologia 32(1): 27-32. 



Sixteen epifaunal species were identified encrusting dead valves of Mercenaria 

 mercenaria, Mya arenaria, and Aequipecten irradians exposed for 1 yr on the 

 bottom of Buzzards Bay, Mass. Balanus amphitrite shows a preferred orienta- 

 tion of the rostro-carinal axis parallel to growth lines of M. mercenaria. 

 No preference for different bivalve shells was shown. - from author's 

 summary - J.L.M. 



516 



Driscoll, Egbert G. 1970. 



Selective bivalve shell destruction in marine environments, a field study. 

 J. Sedimentary Petrol. 40(3): 898-905. 



Massive shell destruction must take place in the first few yrs after death 

 of organisms like bivalve mollusks. Otherwise, great masses of dead shell 

 would accumulate in relatively short periods. Valves of Mercenaria 

 mercenaria, Argopecten irradians , and Mya arenaria were submerged for 3 yrs 

 in a shallow, low-energy, sublittoral environment. Shells with less surface 

 area per unit weight are more rapidly buried in sediments, not only in low- 

 energy, muddy bottom, but also on some higher energy sand bottoms. This 

 causes selective destruction of shells by boring organisms, abrasion, and 

 solution. Differential destruction is one possible explanation for absence 

 of thinner, smaller, and lighter bivalves in certain fossil assemblages. 

 Encrustation of exposed valves by firmly attached epifauna capable of 

 fossilization may increase weight by as much as 25% in the 1st few years 

 after death. Shells most likely to be buried and preserved are least likely 



143 



